Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4201
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4201
28 Jan 2025
 | 28 Jan 2025
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).

The Impact of Geological Structures on Groundwater Potential Assessment in Volcanic Rocks of the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau: A Review

Bishaw Mihret and Ajebush Wuletaw

Abstract. This review examines the influence of geological structures on groundwater potential in the volcanic rocks of the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau. The region's tectonic complexity has shaped fractures, faults, and other features that significantly impact groundwater storage and flow. Geological structures, including faults, fractures, folds, and lineaments, play a crucial role in groundwater dynamics, particularly in terrains with limited primary porosity, where secondary porosity dominates aquifer characteristics. Faults can act as conduits or barriers, controlling recharge, flow, and discharge based on their structural properties and interaction with surrounding rocks. Fractures create secondary porosity, enabling groundwater storage and movement in otherwise impermeable rocks. Lineaments, representing subsurface features such as faults and lithological boundaries, are key indicators of groundwater potential, especially in hard-rock and volcanic terrains. Additionally, folding influences aquifer configuration and flow by creating confined or unconfined groundwater systems through anticlines, synclines, and other structures. The review underscores the importance of integrating geological, geophysical, and hydrological methods for effective groundwater exploration and management. Volcanic terrains present unique challenges due to their complex lithology and structural heterogeneity. Case studies from various volcanic settings demonstrate how structural features enhance or restrict groundwater movement and highlight the interplay between volcanic lithology and tectonic processes. Recommendations are provided for using a multidisciplinary approach to address these challenges and ensure sustainable groundwater resource management in volcanic regions.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
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Bishaw Mihret and Ajebush Wuletaw

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Bishaw Mihret and Ajebush Wuletaw
Bishaw Mihret and Ajebush Wuletaw

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Short summary
Geological structures, including faults, fractures, and lithological variations, play a crucial role in determining groundwater dynamics in the volcanic rocks of the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau. Faults act as both conduits and barriers, while fractures are key to groundwater flow in hard-rock terrains. Advanced techniques like geophysics, remote sensing, and GIS improve assessments of fault-controlled and fracture-controlled aquifers.
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