Europe is warming faster than the global average, raising concerns about future wildfire risks. Using regional climate models, we find that extreme fire weather is projected to become more severe, more frequent, and more widespread across the continent, especially if global warming reaches 3 °C. The projected increase is mainly linked to a drier atmosphere. Our findings underscore the urgent need to adopt proactive forest management practices to protect vulnerable ecosystems and communities.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement is viewed as a promising option for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. When alkalinity is added through mineral powders, carbon uptake from the atmosphere is decreased when mineral particles sink before fully dissolving. Here we prescribe vertical alkalinity release profiles to an Earth system model. We show that carbon uptake may initially decrease by more than 75% when grain size doubles and that full uptake is delayed by centuries and spatially dispersed.

This study investigates how much warm and saline subtropical-origin water flowing in the Irminger Current (IC) can enter the Irminger Sea convection region by releasing virtual particles in an ocean model. We show that one third of IC waters enter the convection region with the potential to increase local stratification. Our results suggest that changes in the water mass properties of the IC have the potential to influence the strength of deep convection in the Irminger Sea.