Preprints
https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.167839985.51092905/v1
https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.167839985.51092905/v1
10 May 2023
 | 10 May 2023

Eye of Horus: A Vision-based Framework for Real-time Water Level Measurement

Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani, Corinne Smith, Zhenyao Wu, Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi, Farboud Khatami, Austin R. J. Downey, Jasim Imran, and Erfan Goharian

Abstract. Heavy rains and tropical storms often result in floods, which are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Flood prediction models and inundation mapping tools provide decision-makers and emergency responders with crucial information to better prepare for these events. However, the performance of models relies on the accuracy and timeliness of data received from in-situ gaging stations and remote sensing; each of these data sources has its limitations, especially when it comes to real-time monitoring of floods. This study presents a vision-based framework for measuring water levels and detecting floods using Computer Vision and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The DL models use time-lapse images captured by surveillance cameras during storm events for the semantic segmentation of water extent in images. Three different DL-based approaches, namely PSPNet, TransUNet, and SegFormer, were applied and evaluated for semantic segmentation. The predicted masks are transformed into water level values by intersecting the extracted water edges, with the 2D representation of a point cloud generated by an Apple iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR sensor. The estimated water levels were compared to reference data collected by an ultrasonic sensor. The results showed that SegFormer outperformed other DL-based approaches by achieving 99.55 % and 99.81 % for Intersection over Union (IoU) and accuracy, respectively. Moreover, the highest correlations between reference data and the vision-based approach reached above 0.98 for both the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency. This study demonstrates the potential of using surveillance cameras and Artificial Intelligence for hydrologic monitoring and their integration with existing surveillance infrastructure.

Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani et al.

Status: final response (author comments only)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-857', Remy Vandaele, 13 Jun 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Erfan Goharian, 09 Aug 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-857', Anonymous Referee #2, 21 Jul 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Erfan Goharian, 09 Aug 2023

Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani et al.

Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani et al.

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Short summary
Predicting flood magnitude and location helps decision-makers to better prepare for flood events. To increase the speed and availability of data during flooding, this study presents a vision-based framework for measuring water levels and detecting floods. The Deep Learning models use time-lapse images captured by surveillance cameras to detect water extent using semantic segmentation and transform them into water level values with the help of LiDAR data.