the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 07 Sep 2023
Influence of Stratification and Wind Forcing on the Dynamics of Lagrangian Residual Velocity in a Periodically Stratified Estuary
Abstract. Wind and stratification play pivotal roles in shaping the structure of the Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV). However, the intricate dynamics by which wind and stratification modify the LRV remain poorly studied. This study derives numerical solutions of LRV components and eddy viscosity subcomponents to elucidate the dynamics within the periodically stratified Pearl River estuary. The vertical shear cross-estuary LRV (uL) is principally governed by the interplay among the eddy viscosity component (uLtu), the barotropic component (uLba), and the baroclinic component (uLgr) under stratified conditions. During neap tides, southwesterly winds notably impact uL by escalating uLtu by an order of magnitude within the upper layer. This transforms the eastward flow dominated by uLtu under wind influence into a westward flow dominated by uLba in upper shoal regions without wind forcing. The along-estuary LRV exhibits a gravitational circulation characterized by upper-layer outflow engendered by barotropic component (vLba) and lower-layer inflow predominantly driven by baroclinic component (vLgr). The presence of southwesterly winds suppresses along-estuary gravitational circulation by diminishing the magnitude of vLba and vLgr. The contributions of vLba and vLgr are approximately equal, while the ratio between uLba and uLgr (uLtu) fluctuates within the range of 1 to 2 in stratified waters. Under unstratified conditions, LRV exhibits a lateral shear structure due to differing dominant components compared to stratified conditions. In stratified scenarios, the eddy viscosity component of LRV is predominantly governed by the turbulent mean component, while it succumbs to the influence of the tidal straining component in unstratified waters.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
(5486 KB)
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
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- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1956', Anonymous Referee #1, 10 Oct 2023
This work showed that the eddy viscosity component is still dominant even when stratification is present. Particularly, the turbulent mean component dominates the overall eddy viscosity component under stratified conditions. In contrast, under unstratified conditions, the contribution of the tidal straining component to the total eddy viscosity component outweighs that of other components. The authors presented a lot of figures in their work to show the results and findings (i.e., 17 figures in total). However, the authors are encouraged to more selective with the figures. The authors did a good job in presenting interesting experiments and results to the scientific community. However, as there are a few things requiring improvement in the manuscript at this point, it is suggested that the article should go through minor revisions and English editing before accepting and publishing. Specific review comments are provided to the authors as follows.
- Lines 059 – 059: It should be “gravitational circulation” instead of “gravity circulation”.
- Lines 061 – 062: It is understood that the authors already provided brief comparison in lines 086 – 090. However, the authors are encouraged to provide a brief introduction and definition of ERV and LRV when they first appeared in the paper. For example, one of the authors’ previous works published on the Frontiers in Marine Science (Deng et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.901490) mentioned that “Eulerian residual velocity (ERV) is the average of the velocities during one or several tidal periods at a fixed location (Abbott, 1960). Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) is defined as the net displacement of a labeled water parcel over one or several tidal periods (Zimmerman, 1979).”
- Lines 077 – 085: While several relevant works have been reviewed and included, the authors are encouraged to include some most-recent studies. For example, Hewageegana et al. (2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071333) used a numerical model (ROMS) to analyze the seasonal variation of residence time at Caloosahatchee River Estuary, Florida during a period of five years. Hewageegana et al. (2023) discovered and showed a relationship between residence time and wind direction and magnitude.
- Lines 177 – 178: It is recommended to write it as either “tidal periodic oscillation currents” or “periodic oscillation tidal currents”. In other words, use one “tidal” instead of two.
- Lines 195 – 206: The authors indicated the model setup in detail in this section. However, the authors are encouraged to indicate more about how the resolution in space and time were determined. For example, did the model setup follow some previous studies? (If yes, please include the reference.) Or did the authors perform a sensitivity analysis on computational grid resolution for this work?
- Lines 210 – 215: The authors are encouraged to indicate both references and links. The authors are also encouraged to indicate the time interval (i.e., resolution in time) of the CCMP data. Additionally, the authors are encouraged to indicate the full name of “CCMP” as it appeared in the document for the first time.
- Lines 223 – 223: The authors are encouraged to indicate the date, e.g., 1 June 2017.
- Lines 242 – 242: It should be “… including three cross sections (Sections B – D)”.
- Lines 245 – 249: According to the description in lines 241 – 244, should these along-estuary distributions of salinity be extracted from Section A instead of Section C? It may be clearer to move the texts in the subplots’ titles “CTD” and “MODEL” to the space after “(b)” and “(c)” in the plots. In other words, the authors are encouraged to revise “(b)” as “(b) CTD” and revise “(c)” as “(c) MODEL” on the plots. Additionally, although the authors have indicated that the colormap represents salinity in the figure caption, it may be clearer to indicate that beside the color bar as well.
- Lines 250 – 250: It may be clearer to revise the “model-derived elevation” as “model-derived sea surface elevation”.
- Lines 267 – 267: It should be “good performance” instead of “well performance”.
- Lines 268 – 268: It may be clearer to represent the y-label as “Sea surface elevation” instead of “Sea level”, which is also consistent with the description in line 252.
- Lines 275 – 275: It should be rewritten as “where abs is the absolute value function …”.
- Lines 294 – 299: While panels (a) to (e) in Figure 4 have been introduced in the figure caption, panels (f) to (j) are NOT introduced. Additionally, although the authors have indicated that the colormap represented uL in the figure caption, it may be clearer to indicate that beside the color bar as well. This comment also applies to Figures 5 – 17.
- Lines 306 – 307: This comment is optional. The authors are encouraged to think about how to better present the data shown in Table 2 to the readers. Would it be more appropriate and clearer if these data/numbers are presented using bar charts or something similar?
- Lines 402 – 402: The authors are encouraged to use numbers to describe/rephrase “significant changes” or “there is no significant change” throughout the document e.g., lines 454, 489, 605, 646, 668, and 748).
- Lines 717 – 763: The authors are encouraged to link the finding of the resent work to some other recent studies mentioned in the INTRODUCTION. Besides, the authors are encouraged to indicate how much the tidal straining component takes precedence over other factors in line 761 using numbers or percentages.
The reviewer is willing to review the revised version if needed.
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 01 Nov 2023
We would like to thank you for your careful reading, helpful comments, and constructive suggestions, which have significantly improved the presentation of our manuscript. We appreciate all your professional comments and have revised our manuscript accordingly. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
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AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 01 Nov 2023
We would like to thank you for your careful reading, helpful comments, and constructive suggestions, which have significantly improved the presentation of our manuscript. We appreciate all your professional comments and have revised our manuscript accordingly. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
-
AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
In response to the comments from Reviewer 2, there have been changes to the line numbers of the content that was originally modified in the revised manuscript. Therefore, I have updated the response appendix. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript. Once again, we sincerely appreciate your valuable feedback and insights in reviewing our manuscript. Please consider this updated response appendix as the most current version.
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1956', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Nov 2023
This study investigates residual circulation in the Peral River estuary using the Lagrangian residual velocity. It evaluated the contribution of each component of the Lagranigian residual velocity and in particular analyzed the four components of turbulent mean component. The results are interesting. I have few concerns and hope they can be clarified before publication of this manuscript in OS.
1. The decomposition of Lagrangian residual velocity
The decomposition method basically is to use the Coriolis term in momentum balance in which each term is divided by the Coriolis parameter. Because the velocity in the Coriolis term is cross correspondence, i.e. u is in the momentum balance of v, and v is in the momentum balance of u. Thus, the physical meaning of each velocity component is hard to explain. For example, the baroclinic pressure gradient component of u is related to density gradient in y direction. That doesn’t make sense. Furthermore, if there is no Coriolis force, how do you decompose the velocity?
2. The decomposition of eddy viscosity component (i.e. section 2.1)
How do you decompose the velocity and eddy viscosity into tidal average and tidal oscillation parts? Is the tidal average Eulerian or Lagrangian average? If it is Eulerian average, what is the physical meaning of the decomposed terms? If it is Lagrangian average, terms 2 and 3 on the right hand side of Eqs. 1 and 2 should be zero.
The tidal straining is represented by the ESCO, i.e. the eddy viscosity-shear covariance that is the tidal average of the product of tidal oscillations of velocity and eddy viscosity. Hence, tidal straining term is the fourth term rather than the second term in Eqs. 1 and 2.
The total water depth, D also changes with time, and needs to be decomposed in the same way as the velocity and eddy viscosity do.
Fig. 4 b, line 280-282. Why does the barotropic component have a vertical two-layer structure?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1956-RC2 -
AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
We extend our sincere appreciation for your dedicated and insightful review of our manuscript. Your meticulous examination and thoughtful comments have been invaluable in refining and strengthening our work. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1956', Anonymous Referee #1, 10 Oct 2023
This work showed that the eddy viscosity component is still dominant even when stratification is present. Particularly, the turbulent mean component dominates the overall eddy viscosity component under stratified conditions. In contrast, under unstratified conditions, the contribution of the tidal straining component to the total eddy viscosity component outweighs that of other components. The authors presented a lot of figures in their work to show the results and findings (i.e., 17 figures in total). However, the authors are encouraged to more selective with the figures. The authors did a good job in presenting interesting experiments and results to the scientific community. However, as there are a few things requiring improvement in the manuscript at this point, it is suggested that the article should go through minor revisions and English editing before accepting and publishing. Specific review comments are provided to the authors as follows.
- Lines 059 – 059: It should be “gravitational circulation” instead of “gravity circulation”.
- Lines 061 – 062: It is understood that the authors already provided brief comparison in lines 086 – 090. However, the authors are encouraged to provide a brief introduction and definition of ERV and LRV when they first appeared in the paper. For example, one of the authors’ previous works published on the Frontiers in Marine Science (Deng et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.901490) mentioned that “Eulerian residual velocity (ERV) is the average of the velocities during one or several tidal periods at a fixed location (Abbott, 1960). Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) is defined as the net displacement of a labeled water parcel over one or several tidal periods (Zimmerman, 1979).”
- Lines 077 – 085: While several relevant works have been reviewed and included, the authors are encouraged to include some most-recent studies. For example, Hewageegana et al. (2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071333) used a numerical model (ROMS) to analyze the seasonal variation of residence time at Caloosahatchee River Estuary, Florida during a period of five years. Hewageegana et al. (2023) discovered and showed a relationship between residence time and wind direction and magnitude.
- Lines 177 – 178: It is recommended to write it as either “tidal periodic oscillation currents” or “periodic oscillation tidal currents”. In other words, use one “tidal” instead of two.
- Lines 195 – 206: The authors indicated the model setup in detail in this section. However, the authors are encouraged to indicate more about how the resolution in space and time were determined. For example, did the model setup follow some previous studies? (If yes, please include the reference.) Or did the authors perform a sensitivity analysis on computational grid resolution for this work?
- Lines 210 – 215: The authors are encouraged to indicate both references and links. The authors are also encouraged to indicate the time interval (i.e., resolution in time) of the CCMP data. Additionally, the authors are encouraged to indicate the full name of “CCMP” as it appeared in the document for the first time.
- Lines 223 – 223: The authors are encouraged to indicate the date, e.g., 1 June 2017.
- Lines 242 – 242: It should be “… including three cross sections (Sections B – D)”.
- Lines 245 – 249: According to the description in lines 241 – 244, should these along-estuary distributions of salinity be extracted from Section A instead of Section C? It may be clearer to move the texts in the subplots’ titles “CTD” and “MODEL” to the space after “(b)” and “(c)” in the plots. In other words, the authors are encouraged to revise “(b)” as “(b) CTD” and revise “(c)” as “(c) MODEL” on the plots. Additionally, although the authors have indicated that the colormap represents salinity in the figure caption, it may be clearer to indicate that beside the color bar as well.
- Lines 250 – 250: It may be clearer to revise the “model-derived elevation” as “model-derived sea surface elevation”.
- Lines 267 – 267: It should be “good performance” instead of “well performance”.
- Lines 268 – 268: It may be clearer to represent the y-label as “Sea surface elevation” instead of “Sea level”, which is also consistent with the description in line 252.
- Lines 275 – 275: It should be rewritten as “where abs is the absolute value function …”.
- Lines 294 – 299: While panels (a) to (e) in Figure 4 have been introduced in the figure caption, panels (f) to (j) are NOT introduced. Additionally, although the authors have indicated that the colormap represented uL in the figure caption, it may be clearer to indicate that beside the color bar as well. This comment also applies to Figures 5 – 17.
- Lines 306 – 307: This comment is optional. The authors are encouraged to think about how to better present the data shown in Table 2 to the readers. Would it be more appropriate and clearer if these data/numbers are presented using bar charts or something similar?
- Lines 402 – 402: The authors are encouraged to use numbers to describe/rephrase “significant changes” or “there is no significant change” throughout the document e.g., lines 454, 489, 605, 646, 668, and 748).
- Lines 717 – 763: The authors are encouraged to link the finding of the resent work to some other recent studies mentioned in the INTRODUCTION. Besides, the authors are encouraged to indicate how much the tidal straining component takes precedence over other factors in line 761 using numbers or percentages.
The reviewer is willing to review the revised version if needed.
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 01 Nov 2023
We would like to thank you for your careful reading, helpful comments, and constructive suggestions, which have significantly improved the presentation of our manuscript. We appreciate all your professional comments and have revised our manuscript accordingly. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
-
AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 01 Nov 2023
We would like to thank you for your careful reading, helpful comments, and constructive suggestions, which have significantly improved the presentation of our manuscript. We appreciate all your professional comments and have revised our manuscript accordingly. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
-
AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
In response to the comments from Reviewer 2, there have been changes to the line numbers of the content that was originally modified in the revised manuscript. Therefore, I have updated the response appendix. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript. Once again, we sincerely appreciate your valuable feedback and insights in reviewing our manuscript. Please consider this updated response appendix as the most current version.
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1956', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Nov 2023
This study investigates residual circulation in the Peral River estuary using the Lagrangian residual velocity. It evaluated the contribution of each component of the Lagranigian residual velocity and in particular analyzed the four components of turbulent mean component. The results are interesting. I have few concerns and hope they can be clarified before publication of this manuscript in OS.
1. The decomposition of Lagrangian residual velocity
The decomposition method basically is to use the Coriolis term in momentum balance in which each term is divided by the Coriolis parameter. Because the velocity in the Coriolis term is cross correspondence, i.e. u is in the momentum balance of v, and v is in the momentum balance of u. Thus, the physical meaning of each velocity component is hard to explain. For example, the baroclinic pressure gradient component of u is related to density gradient in y direction. That doesn’t make sense. Furthermore, if there is no Coriolis force, how do you decompose the velocity?
2. The decomposition of eddy viscosity component (i.e. section 2.1)
How do you decompose the velocity and eddy viscosity into tidal average and tidal oscillation parts? Is the tidal average Eulerian or Lagrangian average? If it is Eulerian average, what is the physical meaning of the decomposed terms? If it is Lagrangian average, terms 2 and 3 on the right hand side of Eqs. 1 and 2 should be zero.
The tidal straining is represented by the ESCO, i.e. the eddy viscosity-shear covariance that is the tidal average of the product of tidal oscillations of velocity and eddy viscosity. Hence, tidal straining term is the fourth term rather than the second term in Eqs. 1 and 2.
The total water depth, D also changes with time, and needs to be decomposed in the same way as the velocity and eddy viscosity do.
Fig. 4 b, line 280-282. Why does the barotropic component have a vertical two-layer structure?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1956-RC2 -
AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
We extend our sincere appreciation for your dedicated and insightful review of our manuscript. Your meticulous examination and thoughtful comments have been invaluable in refining and strengthening our work. The detailed, point-by-point response is provided in the attached PDF. The italicized text represents modifications made within the revised manuscript.
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Fangjing Deng, 06 Dec 2023
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Fangjing Deng
Feiyu Jia
Shuwen Zhang
Qiang Lian
Xiaolong Zong
Zhaoyun Chen
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(5486 KB) - Metadata XML