Mineral Dust and Pedogenesis in the Alpine Critical Zone

Abstract. The influence of mineral dust deposition on soil formation in the mountain critical zone was evaluated at six sites in southwestern North America. Passive samplers collected dust for two years, and representative soil and rock were gathered in the vicinity of each dust sampler. All materials (dust, soil, and rock) were analysed to determine their mineralogy (with x-ray diffraction), geochemistry (with ICP-MS), and radiogenic isotope fingerprint (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ε_Nd). In addition, the grain size distribution of dust and soil samples was determined with laser scattering, and standard soil fertility analysis was conducted on the soil samples. Results reveal that minerals present in the dust, but absent in the local bedrock, are detectable in the soil. Similarly, the geochemistry and isotopic fingerprint of soil samples are more similar to dust than to local bedrock. End-member mixing models evaluating soil as a mixture of dust and rock suggest that the fine fractions of the sampled soils are dominated by dust deposition, with dust contents approaching 100 %. Dust content is somewhat higher in soils over bedrock types more resistant to weathering. These results emphasize the dominant control that mineral dust deposition can exert on pedogenesis on the mountain critical zone.