the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 02 Aug 2023
A Hydrate Reservoir Renovation Device and Its Application in Nitrogen Bubble Fracturing
Abstract. Natural gas hydrate (GH) is a significant potential energy source due to its large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density and low pollution. However, the gas production rate of past gas hydrate production tests is much lower than the requirement of commercial gas production. Reservoir stimulation technologies like hydraulic fracture provide one potential approach to enhance gas production from GH. The reservoir reformation behaviour of the hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS), particularly sediments with a high clay content, is a complex process during a hydraulic fracturing operation, which has been poorly understood and thus hardly predictable. This paper presents an experimental facility that was developed to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized HBS. This facility can be used to form GH in sediments, conduct visual observation of hydraulic fracturing experiments, and measure the permeability of HBS under high pressure (up to 30 MPa) and low-temperature conditions (from 253.15 K to 323.15 K). It is mainly composed of a pressure control and injection unit, a low temperature and cooling unit, a cavitation unit, a visual sapphire reactor, and a data acquisition and measurement unit. The hydraulic fracture module is consisting of a gas cylinder, fracturing pump, hopper, proppants warehouse and valves. The sapphire reservoir chamber is applied to observe and measure the fracture of HBS during hydraulic fracturing. The permeability test module is composed of a constant-flux pump and pressure sensors, which can evaluate the permeability performance before and after hydraulic fracture in HBS. The fundamental principles of this apparatus are discussed. Some tests were performed to verify hydraulic fracture tests and permeability tests could be practically applied in the HBS exploitation.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Yanghui Li, 10 Jan 2024
The authors developed an experimental apparatus which was applied to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized hydrate bearing sediments. They discussed the basic principles of this apparatus and gave the preliminary experimental data. Generally speaking, the design concept of the apparatus is novel and practical. I have several questions for the authors to clarify.
1. Please check your language with a native speaker.
2. The labels of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be more clearly.
3. The conclusion can be slightly expanded, and include some specific future work as well. This system may be applied to CO2 geology sequestrated in the saline aquifer.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-CC1 - CC2: 'Reply on CC1', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Jan 2024
The authors developed an experimental apparatus which was applied to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized hydrate bearing sediments. They discussed the basic principles of this apparatus and gave the preliminary experimental data. Generally speaking, the design concept of the apparatus is novel and practical. I have several questions for the authors to clarify.
1. Please check your language with a native speaker.
2. The labels of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be more clearly.
3. The conclusion can be slightly expanded, and include some specific future work as well. This system may be applied to CO2 geology sequestrated in the saline aquifer.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC1 - CC5: 'Reply on RC1', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #2, 24 Jan 2024
This paper discussed the instruments for reservoir reformation behaviour of the hydrate-bearing sediments. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the useful stimulation technologies widely applied to the “shale gas revolution” , it is also significant to enhance production technology for gas hydrate. Overall, the manuscript is well-organized. But I also find several points and parts that need to be revised to enhance the audience reach prior to acceptance for publication. The detailed comments are as follows:
1.The language of this manuscript can be further improved to enrich the audience.
2.There are some small issues and typos (capitalization, double punctuations). Please make a thorough check.
3.Some legend of figures are too small, it is hard to read in paper.
4.What is the temperature of the pre-cold water, and whether it will affect the hydrate dissociation during the permeability test?
5.Whether the difference between the two synthesized hydrate samples will affect the properties of the reservoir?
6.The change of hydrate reservoir permeability after hydraulic fracturing is not described in the paper?Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC2 - CC3: 'Reply on RC2', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
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RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 Feb 2024
The manuscript developed an experimental facility and conducted experiments to investigate the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized HBS, which is a commendable endeavor and of significant importance for the research on methane recovery from gas hydrate reservoirs. However, a few aspects need to be addressed to improve the quality of the manuscript.
In Figure 7, the temperature curves and the corresponding axis are missing.
The author should explain the method they use to measure the permeability of the sediments before and after hydraulic fracture. This detail is crucial for understanding the experimental procedure and interpreting the results accurately.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC3 - CC4: 'Reply on RC3', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
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AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Dongliang Li, 26 Feb 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-1141/egusphere-2023-1141-AC1-supplement.pdf
- AC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Dongliang Li, 26 Feb 2024
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Yanghui Li, 10 Jan 2024
The authors developed an experimental apparatus which was applied to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized hydrate bearing sediments. They discussed the basic principles of this apparatus and gave the preliminary experimental data. Generally speaking, the design concept of the apparatus is novel and practical. I have several questions for the authors to clarify.
1. Please check your language with a native speaker.
2. The labels of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be more clearly.
3. The conclusion can be slightly expanded, and include some specific future work as well. This system may be applied to CO2 geology sequestrated in the saline aquifer.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-CC1 - CC2: 'Reply on CC1', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Jan 2024
The authors developed an experimental apparatus which was applied to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized hydrate bearing sediments. They discussed the basic principles of this apparatus and gave the preliminary experimental data. Generally speaking, the design concept of the apparatus is novel and practical. I have several questions for the authors to clarify.
1. Please check your language with a native speaker.
2. The labels of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be more clearly.
3. The conclusion can be slightly expanded, and include some specific future work as well. This system may be applied to CO2 geology sequestrated in the saline aquifer.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC1 - CC5: 'Reply on RC1', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #2, 24 Jan 2024
This paper discussed the instruments for reservoir reformation behaviour of the hydrate-bearing sediments. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the useful stimulation technologies widely applied to the “shale gas revolution” , it is also significant to enhance production technology for gas hydrate. Overall, the manuscript is well-organized. But I also find several points and parts that need to be revised to enhance the audience reach prior to acceptance for publication. The detailed comments are as follows:
1.The language of this manuscript can be further improved to enrich the audience.
2.There are some small issues and typos (capitalization, double punctuations). Please make a thorough check.
3.Some legend of figures are too small, it is hard to read in paper.
4.What is the temperature of the pre-cold water, and whether it will affect the hydrate dissociation during the permeability test?
5.Whether the difference between the two synthesized hydrate samples will affect the properties of the reservoir?
6.The change of hydrate reservoir permeability after hydraulic fracturing is not described in the paper?Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC2 - CC3: 'Reply on RC2', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
-
RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 Feb 2024
The manuscript developed an experimental facility and conducted experiments to investigate the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized HBS, which is a commendable endeavor and of significant importance for the research on methane recovery from gas hydrate reservoirs. However, a few aspects need to be addressed to improve the quality of the manuscript.
In Figure 7, the temperature curves and the corresponding axis are missing.
The author should explain the method they use to measure the permeability of the sediments before and after hydraulic fracture. This detail is crucial for understanding the experimental procedure and interpreting the results accurately.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1141-RC3 - CC4: 'Reply on RC3', Jingsheng Lu, 21 Feb 2024
-
AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Dongliang Li, 26 Feb 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-1141/egusphere-2023-1141-AC1-supplement.pdf
- AC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1141', Dongliang Li, 26 Feb 2024
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Jingsheng Lu
Yuanxin Yao
Jinhai Yang
Deqing Liang
Yiqun Zhang
Decai Lin
Kunlin Ma
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(883 KB) - Metadata XML