Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4147
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4147
31 Jan 2025
 | 31 Jan 2025
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).

Characteristics, main sources, health risks of PM2.5-bound perfluoroalkyl acids in Zhengzhou, central China: From seasonal variation perspective

Jingshen Zhang, Xibin Ma, Minzhen Li, Zichen Wang, Nan Jiang, and Fengchang Wu

Abstract. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have become the focus due to their physicochemical stability and potential toxicity. In this study, the investigation aimed to characterize the pollution levels, identify the primary sources, and assess the health risks associated with PFAAs in PM2.5. The average concentration range for PFAAs were between 46.68 and 181.63 pg·m-3, with the main components being perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutanoic acid. PFAA concentrations in PM2.5 were greatly influenced by the short- and medium-range air masses, and markedly elevated by industrial activities in surrounding urban areas. The results by positive matrix factorization revealed that PFOA-based products (38.2 %) and degradation byproducts of fluorotelomer alcohols (26.7 %) were the predominant sources. The average daily inhalation of 17 PFAAs fluctuated greatly (median: 4.35 × 10-3 to 8.78 pg·(kg·d)-1), showing different seasonal variations with estimated daily intake of PFOA and PFOS reaching peak value in winter (5869.39 pg) and spring (4219.41 pg), respectively. The research indicated that seasonal regulation of PFOA-related manufacturing and joint pollution control with neighboring cities could reduce PFAAs levels in PM2.5. The results provided theoretical support for government to make targeted control plans for PFAAs and basic data for relevant researchers.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
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Jingshen Zhang, Xibin Ma, Minzhen Li, Zichen Wang, Nan Jiang, and Fengchang Wu

Status: open (until 14 Mar 2025)

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Jingshen Zhang, Xibin Ma, Minzhen Li, Zichen Wang, Nan Jiang, and Fengchang Wu
Jingshen Zhang, Xibin Ma, Minzhen Li, Zichen Wang, Nan Jiang, and Fengchang Wu

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Short summary
Currently, few studies have begun to focus on the source and health risks of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), however no systematic studies have been conducted of PFAAs in PM2.5. This study aimed to characterize the pollution levels, identify the primary sources, and assess the health risks linked to PFAAs in PM2.5. The study indicated that seasonal regulation manufacturing related to perfluorooctanoic acid and joint pollution control with neighboring cities could reduce PFAAs levels in PM2.5.
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