Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4623
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4623
05 Oct 2025
 | 05 Oct 2025
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).

Towards a typology for hybrid compound flood modeling

Soheil Radfar, Hamed Moftakhari, David F. Muñoz, Avantika Gori, Ferdinand Diermanse, Ning Lin, and Amir AghaKouchak

Abstract. Modeling compound flood events requires sophisticated approaches that can capture complex nonlinear interactions between multiple flood drivers. While combining different data-driven and physics-based modeling approaches has shown promise, the criteria for classifying such combinations and the underlying terminology to describe them remain inconsistent in the literature. To establish classification criteria, we introduce a systematic framework for defining and categorizing hybrid physical-statistical modeling approaches in compound flood modeling. Hybrid compound flood models offer significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency over traditional single-model approaches, particularly in coastal regions where multiple flooding mechanisms frequently interact. Here, we introduce a systematic framework for defining hybrid models and establish clear classification criteria based on their structural and functional characteristics. We identify three categories of hybrid models: sequential, feedback, and ensemble. Through illustrative examples, we demonstrate how each category leverages the strengths of its component models while also maintaining their independence. The proposed framework enables a systematic evaluation of different hybrid modeling strategies, enhancing model comparability and supporting the development of more effective compound flood prediction tools.

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Soheil Radfar, Hamed Moftakhari, David F. Muñoz, Avantika Gori, Ferdinand Diermanse, Ning Lin, and Amir AghaKouchak

Status: open (until 16 Nov 2025)

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Soheil Radfar, Hamed Moftakhari, David F. Muñoz, Avantika Gori, Ferdinand Diermanse, Ning Lin, and Amir AghaKouchak
Soheil Radfar, Hamed Moftakhari, David F. Muñoz, Avantika Gori, Ferdinand Diermanse, Ning Lin, and Amir AghaKouchak

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Short summary
Flooding in coastal areas often occurs when several mechanisms act together, causing compound flooding. Researchers increasingly use hybrid models that combine numerical models with statistical tools to study these events. Yet, the term “hybrid model” has been used inconsistently. This paper provides a clear definition and classification system, along with examples and technical challenges.
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