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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-4623</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Towards a typology for hybrid compound flood modeling</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Radfar</surname>
<given-names>Soheil</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-9733</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moftakhari</surname>
<given-names>Hamed</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-8653</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>David F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gori</surname>
<given-names>Avantika</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Diermanse</surname>
<given-names>Ferdinand</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Ning</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>AghaKouchak</surname>
<given-names>Amir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>05</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Soheil Radfar et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4623/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4623/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4623/egusphere-2025-4623.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4623/egusphere-2025-4623.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Modeling compound flood events requires sophisticated approaches that can capture complex nonlinear interactions between multiple flood drivers. While combining different data-driven and physics-based modeling approaches has shown promise, the criteria for classifying such combinations and the underlying terminology to describe them remain inconsistent in the literature. To establish classification criteria, we introduce a systematic framework for defining and categorizing hybrid physical-statistical modeling approaches in compound flood modeling. Hybrid compound flood models offer significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency over traditional single-model approaches, particularly in coastal regions where multiple flooding mechanisms frequently interact. Here, we introduce a systematic framework for defining hybrid models and establish clear classification criteria based on their structural and functional characteristics. We identify three categories of hybrid models: sequential, feedback, and ensemble. Through illustrative examples, we demonstrate how each category leverages the strengths of its component models while also maintaining their independence. The proposed framework enables a systematic evaluation of different hybrid modeling strategies, enhancing model comparability and supporting the development of more effective compound flood prediction tools.</p>
</abstract>
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