Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2752
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2752
28 Jul 2025
 | 28 Jul 2025

Regional-scale Hydrologic Model Comparison Including Calibration for Improved River Discharge Simulations into the Mediterranean Sea

Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav

Abstract. River discharge into the Mediterranean Sea is a vital component of the regional water cycle, influencing ecological and climatic dynamics. Although some regional coupled models that include a river routing component exist for the Mediterranean region, their performance in reproducing river discharge is poor. This study compares the hydrological routing models CaMa-Flood and WRF-Hydro for discharge simulations into the Mediterranean Sea. Evaluating their performance across key basins, this study highlights CaMa-Flood's computational efficiency but underperformance in flow variability and high-flow extremes, contrasted by WRF-Hydro's superior timing and bias reduction, especially after calibration. In fact, results indicate that the calibration improved WRF-Hydro’s metrics, including Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) and lag times, underscoring its potential for precise discharge predictions at higher computational costs. These findings offer critical insights for advancing regional coupled Earth system models, enhancing hydrological forecasting, and addressing basin-specific hydrological challenges.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

16 Apr 2026
Towards improved Euro-Mediterranean discharge simulations in regional coupled climate models: a comparative assessment of hydrologic performance
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2881–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2881-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2881-2026, 2026
Short summary
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752 - No compliance with the policy of the journal', Juan Antonio Añel, 31 Jul 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Mohamed Hamitouche, 31 Jul 2025
      • CEC2: 'Reply on AC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 01 Aug 2025
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 Aug 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Mohamed Hamitouche, 29 Sep 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752', Anonymous Referee #2, 01 Sep 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Mohamed Hamitouche, 29 Sep 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752 - No compliance with the policy of the journal', Juan Antonio Añel, 31 Jul 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Mohamed Hamitouche, 31 Jul 2025
      • CEC2: 'Reply on AC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 01 Aug 2025
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 Aug 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Mohamed Hamitouche, 29 Sep 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2752', Anonymous Referee #2, 01 Sep 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Mohamed Hamitouche, 29 Sep 2025

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Mohamed Hamitouche on behalf of the Authors (02 Oct 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (22 Oct 2025) by Lele Shu
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (14 Nov 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (16 Nov 2025)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (24 Nov 2025) by Lele Shu
AR by Mohamed Hamitouche on behalf of the Authors (15 Dec 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (28 Dec 2025) by Lele Shu
RR by Miaohua Mao (22 Feb 2026)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (05 Mar 2026) by Lele Shu
AR by Mohamed Hamitouche on behalf of the Authors (15 Mar 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (26 Mar 2026) by Lele Shu
AR by Mohamed Hamitouche on behalf of the Authors (08 Apr 2026)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

16 Apr 2026
Towards improved Euro-Mediterranean discharge simulations in regional coupled climate models: a comparative assessment of hydrologic performance
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2881–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2881-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2881-2026, 2026
Short summary
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav

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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
Predicting how much water flows from rivers into the Mediterranean is challenging due to climate change and human impacts. We compared two computer models—CaMa-Flood and WRF-Hydro—to see which performs better. We found that WRF-Hydro, especially after calibration, more accurately simulates river discharge and seasonal flow changes. These results can help improve future water forecasts and support planning for floods and droughts in the region.
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