Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1684
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1684
27 Jun 2024
 | 27 Jun 2024

Global carbon emission accounting: national-level assessment of wildfire CO2 emission – a case study of China

Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han

Abstract. Wildfires release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change and causing severe impacts on air quality and human health. Including carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wildfires in international assessments and national emission reduction responsibilities is crucial for global carbon reduction and environmental governance. In this study, based on a bottom-up approach and using satellite data, combined with emission factor and aboveground biomass data for different vegetation cover types (forest, shrub, grassland, cropland), the dynamic changes in CO2 emissions from wildfires in China from 2001 to 2022 were analyzed. The results showed that between 2001 and 2022, the total CO2 emissions from wildfires in China were 693.7 Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g), with an annual average of 31.5 Tg. The CO2 emissions from cropland and forest fires were relatively high, accounting for 46 % and 32 %, respectively. The yearly variation in CO2 emissions from forest and shrub fires showed a significant downward trend, while emissions from grassland fires remained relatively stable. In contrast, the CO2 emissions from cropland fires showed a clear upward trend. High CO2 emissions from wildfires were mainly concentrated in the eastern regions of Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia Provinces in China, accounting for 44 % of the total annual emissions. Various factors such as daily cumulative sunshine hours (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, forest: -0.41, shrub:0.25; p < 0.001) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; Spearman’s correlation coefficient, forest: -0.35, shrub: 0.37; p < 0.001), influenced CO2 emissions from forest and shrub fires. Moreover, temperature (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, -0.45, p < 0.001) primarily affected CO2 emissions from grassland fires. The CO2 emissions from cropland fires negatively correlated with the gross domestic product (GDP) (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, -0.52, p < 0.001) and population density (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, -0.51, p < 0.001). China's policy management has been crucial in reducing CO2 emissions from wildfires. By accurately assessing CO2 emissions from wildfires, governments worldwide can better set CO2 reduction targets, take corresponding measures, and contribute to the global response to climate change.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

11 Sep 2025
Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of wildfire CO2 emissions in China from 2001 to 2022
Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10379–10401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10379-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10379-2025, 2025
Short summary
Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #2, 04 Apr 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #3, 08 Apr 2025
  • RC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #4, 10 Apr 2025
  • AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Yongming Han, 30 May 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #2, 04 Apr 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #3, 08 Apr 2025
  • RC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Anonymous Referee #4, 10 Apr 2025
  • AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1684', Yongming Han, 30 May 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Yongming Han on behalf of the Authors (30 May 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (04 Jun 2025) by Christoph Gerbig
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (15 Jun 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (24 Jun 2025)
ED: Publish as is (05 Jul 2025) by Christoph Gerbig
AR by Yongming Han on behalf of the Authors (07 Jul 2025)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

11 Sep 2025
Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of wildfire CO2 emissions in China from 2001 to 2022
Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10379–10401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10379-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10379-2025, 2025
Short summary
Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han
Xuehong Gong, Zeyu Liu, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Guohui Li, Zhisheng An, and Yongming Han

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Short summary
Our study analyzed CO2 emissions from wildfires in China from 2001 to 2022. Cropland and forest fires contributed the most, while grassland fires were the least. Emissions from forest and shrub fires decreased significantly, while cropland fires increased. The highest emissions were in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. China's effective policy management has reduced wildfire-related CO2 emissions, aiding global climate change efforts.
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