Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1240
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1240
06 May 2024
 | 06 May 2024

Seasonal evolution and parameterization of Arctic sea ice bulk density: results from the MOSAiC expedition and ICESat-2/ATLAS

Yi Zhou, Xianwei Wang, Ruibo Lei, Luisa von Albedyll, Donald K. Perovich, Yu Zhang, and Christian Haas

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of Arctic sea ice thickness typically assume a constant sea ice bulk density (IBD), overlooking its seasonal variations influenced by ice internal texture and contaminants. This study unveils the initial insights into the seasonal evolution and parameterization of IBD during the Arctic freezing season from October to April. To retrieve IBD, we combined in situ observations obtained from ice mass balance buoys, snow pits, and snow transects during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, as well as laser freeboard data derived from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, local-scale IBDs for the level ice component of the MOSAiC ice floes, predominantly consisting of second-year ice, were obtained at a spatial scale of approximately 50 km. The results indicated a statistically significant seasonal decreasing trend in IBD at a rate of ~16 kg m−3 per month (P < 0.001) from mid-October to mid-January, likely attributable to increased internal porosity as the sea ice aged. This was followed by a relatively stable period from mid-January to mid-April, with an average IBD of ~897 ± 11 kg m−3. Core-based IBDs from eight MOSAiC sites showed a similar seasonal pattern, but with a narrower range of variation and an earlier onset of the relatively stable period, possibly owing to the spatial heterogeneity of the MOSAiC ice floes. Based on regression analyses, we developed updated parameterizations for IBD that are anticipated to be applicable throughout the freezing season, encompassing both first- and second-year ice. In particular, the ice draft-to-thickness ratio emerged as the most efficient parameter for determining IBD (R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 1.62 kg m−3), with potential application to multi-year ice and deformed ice as well. Our updated parameterizations have the potential to optimize basin-scale satellite-derived sea ice thickness, thereby contributing to more accurate monitoring of changes in sea ice volume.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Yi Zhou, Xianwei Wang, Ruibo Lei, Luisa von Albedyll, Donald K. Perovich, Yu Zhang, and Christian Haas

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Arttu Jutila, 15 May 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Yi Zhou, 18 May 2024
      • CC2: 'Reply on AC1', Arttu Jutila, 23 May 2024
        • AC2: 'Reply on CC2', Yi Zhou, 12 Jun 2024
  • CC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Hoyeon Shi, 08 Jun 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on CC3', Yi Zhou, 12 Jun 2024
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Jun 2024
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Yi Zhou, 13 Jun 2024
  • CC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Mats Granskog, 10 Jun 2024
    • AC5: 'Reply on CC4', Yi Zhou, 15 Jun 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Jun 2024

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Arttu Jutila, 15 May 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Yi Zhou, 18 May 2024
      • CC2: 'Reply on AC1', Arttu Jutila, 23 May 2024
        • AC2: 'Reply on CC2', Yi Zhou, 12 Jun 2024
  • CC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Hoyeon Shi, 08 Jun 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on CC3', Yi Zhou, 12 Jun 2024
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Jun 2024
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Yi Zhou, 13 Jun 2024
  • CC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Mats Granskog, 10 Jun 2024
    • AC5: 'Reply on CC4', Yi Zhou, 15 Jun 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1240', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Jun 2024
Yi Zhou, Xianwei Wang, Ruibo Lei, Luisa von Albedyll, Donald K. Perovich, Yu Zhang, and Christian Haas

Data sets

Sea ice bulk density during the MOSAiC expedtion Yi Zhou https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11055727

IS2 modal freeboard during the MOSAiC expedtion Yi Zhou https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11055727

Snow depth and sea ice thickness data derived from SIMBA buoy measurements Ruibo Lei https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938244

Snow depth and sea ice thickness data derived from SIMB buoy measurements Donald K. Perovich https://doi.org/10.18739/A20Z70Z01

Model code and software

IS2 modal freeboard extraction and sea ice bulk density retrieval Yi Zhou https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11055727

Yi Zhou, Xianwei Wang, Ruibo Lei, Luisa von Albedyll, Donald K. Perovich, Yu Zhang, and Christian Haas

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Short summary
This study examines how the density of Arctic sea ice varies seasonally, a factor often overlooked in satellite measurements of sea ice thickness. From October to April, using direct observations and satellite data, we found that sea ice density decreases significantly until mid-January due to increased porosity as the ice ages, and then stabilizes until April. We then developed new models to estimate sea ice density. This advance can improve our ability to monitor changes in Arctic sea ice.