the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 23 Jul 2024
Increased number concentrations of small particles explains perceived stagnation in air quality over Korea
Abstract. The atmospheric visibility in South Korea has not improved despite decreasing concentrations of particulate matter (PM)2.5. Since visibility is influenced by particle size and composition as well as meteorological factors, the light detection and ranging data provided by the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan and PM2.5 measurements retrieved from Air Korea are used to determine the trends in PM2.5 mass extinction efficiency (MEE) in Seoul and Ulsan, South Korea from 2015 to 2020. Moreover, the monthly trends in the Ångström exponent and relative and absolute humidity are determined to identify the factors influencing PM2.5 MEE. The monthly average PM2.5 MEE exhibits an increasing trend in Seoul [+0.04 (m2·g-1)·mth-1] and Ulsan [+0.07 (m2·g-1)·mth-1]. Relative humidity increases by 0.070 % and 0.095 % per month in Seoul and Ulsan, respectively, and absolute humidity increases by 0.029 and 0.010 (g·m-³)·mth-1, respectively. However, both Relative humidity and Absolute humidity are not statistically significant. The Ångström exponent increases by +0.005 and +0.011 per month in Seoul and Ulsan, respectively, indicating that the MEE increases as the particles become smaller each year. Such an increase in PM2.5 MEE may have limited the improvements in visibility and adversely affected public perception of air quality improvement even though the PM2.5 mass concentration in South Korea is continuously decreasing.
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1208', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Aug 2024
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This paper analyses the temporal evolution of aerosol parameters over the towns of Seoul and Ulsan, in Korea. It shows that, although the mass concentration has decreased over the period of interest, it had no significant effect on the visibility due to a concomitant increase of the mass extinction efficiency of the particles.
The paper is clear, the methodology is adequate and its results are of interest for both the scientific community and the general public. It could then be published with minor changes.
One can regret that the root cause for the increase of the mass extinction efficiency is not found. This should be said explicitly in the abstract
Below are only a few suggestions for the authors to improve the paper
- The trends for several variables are given on a per month basis. Yet, the variables show a large seasonal cycle. Therefore, I believe that the per month basis is somewhat misleading and should be converted to a per year value.
- The introduction contains sentences such as “several citizens still believe that PM5 pollution remains serious.” This clearly implies that the citizen are wrong in their fear of atmospheric pollution. Yet, although the pollution may have decrease, the levels are farm from harmless. Thus, the citizens are right in their perception that pollution remains serious
Abstract However,both Relative humidity and Absolute humidity are not statistically significant”. The trends of these variables are not statistically significant.
Line 233 : “Figure 2 and Table 1 show the monthly changes”. The figure show the monthly values, not the changes
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1208-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Youngmin Noh, 30 Aug 2024
reply
Dear, referee
We would like to thank the referee for your valuable feedback and suggestions. Below are our responses to the comments provided.
Comment 1:
“One can regret that the root cause for the increase of the mass extinction efficiency is not found. This should be said explicitly in the abstract.”
Author’s Response:
Thank you for your valuable feedback. I will add the following sentence: “However, due to the limitations in obtaining long-term composition data in this study, further research is needed to accurately determine the causes of the increase in PM2.5 MEE.”
Comment 2:
“The trends for several variables are given on a per month basis. Yet, the variables show a large seasonal cycle. Therefore, I believe that the per month basis is somewhat misleading and should be converted to a per year value.”
Author’s Response:
Thank you for your insightful comment. We agree that the seasonal variation complicates a straightforward by-eye inspection of the trends. Nevertheless, we have opted for this version because of data availability. As month-long data gaps exist in the data sets, the use of annual means would include an unbalanced representation of the results. We have now added annual mean values to the relevant plots, i.e., Figures 2, 3, and 4. These show trends that are in line with the ones inferred from using monthly means and help guiding the eye when inspecting the plots.
Comment 3:
“The introduction contains sentences such as “several citizens still believe that PM5 pollution remains serious.” This clearly implies that the citizen are wrong in their fear of atmospheric pollution. Yet, although the pollution may have decrease, the levels are farm from harmless. Thus, the citizens are right in their perception that pollution remains serious”
Author’s Response:
I agree with your comment that the sentence, “several citizens still believe that PM2.5 pollution remains serious.” could imply that citizens are wrong in their concerns about atmospheric pollution. Therefore, to prevent any unintended interpretations, I will remove this sentence from the introduction.
Comment 4:
“Abstract However, both Relative humidity and Absolute humidity are not statistically significant”. The trends of these variables are not statistically significant.
Line 233 : “Figure 2 and Table 1 show the monthly changes”. The figure show the monthly values, not the changes”
Author’s Response:
We appreciate your careful review. We will revise the sentence in abstract and line 233.
<Abstract>
- However, both Relative humidity and Absolute humidity are not statistically significant
→ However, the trends of these variables are not statistically significant.
<Line 233>
- Figure 2 and Table 1 show the monthly changes in PM5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 concentrations with the visibility across Seoul and Ulsan consistent with the findings of previous studies, the monthly PM mass concentrations in both cities are higher in winter and spring, and lower in summer and autumn
→ Figure 2 and Table 1 show the monthly values in PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 concentrations with the visibility across Seoul and Ulsan consistent with the findings of previous studies, the monthly PM mass concentrations in both cities are higher in winter and spring, and lower in summer and autumn
We appreciate your thorough feedback and have implemented the suggested revisions to improve the clarity and accuracy of the manuscript.
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