Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5719
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5719
21 Nov 2025
 | 21 Nov 2025

Temporal Inhomogeneities in High-Resolution Gridded Precipitation Products for the Southeastern United States

Jeremy E. Diem

Abstract. High-resolution gridded precipitation products are widely used in hydroclimatic analyses, although their long-term stability has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study investigates temporal inhomogeneities in five widely used precipitation datasets – Daymet, gridMET, nClimGrid, PRISM, and TerraClimate – across the southeastern United States during 1980–2024. Annual precipitation totals were derived from both monthly and daily data and compared with a reference time series constructed from 120 U.S. Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) gauges. Residual-mass curves and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to identify temporal inhomogeneities, and trend magnitudes were estimated using the Kendall–Theil robust line. Significant inhomogeneities were detected in most datasets, with nearly 80 % of discontinuities concentrated between 2002 and 2018. These shifts corresponded closely to changes in gauge-network composition and data-processing procedures. Daymet and PRISM exhibited wetting biases linked to the expansion of the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network and the concurrent decline of COOP gauges, whereas nClimGrid showed a drying bias resulting from increased reliance on Automated Surface Observing System tipping-bucket gauges, which underestimate rainfall. Step increases in TerraClimate and gridMET totals reflected transitions in input data and reprocessing of precipitation forcing fields. These inhomogeneities produced disparate multi-decadal trends ranging from 19 to 48 mm dec⁻¹ compared with a non-significant reference trend of 30 mm dec⁻¹. Among all datasets and combinations tested, the Daymet–nClimGrid pair was the only one without detectable discontinuities and reproduced the reference trend most accurately. This combination provides a homogeneous, temporally consistent dataset for multi-decadal precipitation analyses across the Southeast. Overall, the results demonstrate that unrecognized inhomogeneities in gridded precipitation products can substantially bias regional trend assessments and underscore the need to evaluate and, when necessary, combine datasets to ensure temporal stability in long-term hydroclimatic studies.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

14 Apr 2026
Temporal inhomogeneities in high-resolution gridded precipitation products for the southeastern United States
Jeremy E. Diem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 30, 1999–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1999-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1999-2026, 2026
Short summary
Jeremy E. Diem

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-5719', Christopher Daly, 23 Dec 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jeremy Diem, 26 Feb 2026
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-5719', Anonymous Referee #2, 20 Jan 2026
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jeremy Diem, 26 Feb 2026

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-5719', Christopher Daly, 23 Dec 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jeremy Diem, 26 Feb 2026
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-5719', Anonymous Referee #2, 20 Jan 2026
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jeremy Diem, 26 Feb 2026

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (further review by editor and referees) (02 Mar 2026) by Markus Hrachowitz
AR by Jeremy Diem on behalf of the Authors (04 Mar 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (05 Mar 2026) by Markus Hrachowitz
RR by Christopher Daly (18 Mar 2026)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (20 Mar 2026)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (24 Mar 2026) by Markus Hrachowitz
AR by Jeremy Diem on behalf of the Authors (01 Apr 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (02 Apr 2026) by Markus Hrachowitz
AR by Jeremy Diem on behalf of the Authors (02 Apr 2026)

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

14 Apr 2026
Temporal inhomogeneities in high-resolution gridded precipitation products for the southeastern United States
Jeremy E. Diem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 30, 1999–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1999-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1999-2026, 2026
Short summary
Jeremy E. Diem

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Short summary
Hydrologists depend on accurate long-term precipitation records to evaluate changes in water-related variables. This study analyzed five high-resolution precipitation datasets for the southeastern United States and found that most contained artificial shifts caused by changes in weather-station networks and data processing. Combining Daymet and nClimGrid yielded the most stable dataset for long-term analyses.
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