Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-541
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-541
01 Apr 2025
 | 01 Apr 2025

Measurement Report: Seasonal trends and chemical speciation of chromium (III/VI) in different fractions of urban particulate matter – a case study of Radom, Poland

Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik

Abstract. The paper assesses chromium occurrence in urban particulate matter: PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and PM0.25 over a calendar year is presented. The seasonality of both pseudo-total chromium content and its valence speciation are studied. The pseudo-total chromium concentration (Crtot) was assayed with GF-AAS and of Cr(VI) with CCSV-DTPA techniques. Crtot concentrations in the particulate matter fractions investigated ranged from 0.08 to 4.09 ng/m3. The results point to a seasonality of Crtot concentration changes in particulate matter. The concentration was maximum in winter (2.23±0.53 ng/m3 on average), while Crtot in PM10 averaged 1.71±0.83 ng/m3 in the whole measurement period. The average Cr(VI) concentration does not exceed 0.40 ng/m3 and was maximum in winter, too (max. 1.354 ng/m3). The Cr(VI) share in PM in the particular seasons varied a lot. It was minimum in summer (9.1 % of Crtot) and maximum in winter (40 % of Crtot). The carcinogenic risk for the urban residents based on the Cr(VI) concentration in PM10 was within the acceptable range (between 1·10−6 and 1·10−4) and amounted to between 1.11·10-6 and 5.78·10-6 for children and from 3.69·10-6 to 1.92·10-5 for adults. The non-carcinogenic health risk caused by the presence of Crtot was acceptable as well. The HQ values for both adults and children were lower than the safe level of 1 and ranged from 1.57·10-2 to 3.92·10-2.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

15 Sep 2025
Measurement report: Seasonal trends and chemical speciation of chromium(III/VI) in different fractions of urban particulate matter – a case study of Radom, Poland
Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10499–10510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10499-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10499-2025, 2025
Short summary
Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-541', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Apr 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Monika Łożyńska, 29 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-541', Anonymous Referee #2, 22 Apr 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Monika Łożyńska, 30 Apr 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-541', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Apr 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Monika Łożyńska, 29 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-541', Anonymous Referee #2, 22 Apr 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Monika Łożyńska, 30 Apr 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Monika Łożyńska on behalf of the Authors (26 May 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (04 Jun 2025) by Xavier Querol
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (18 Jun 2025)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (20 Jun 2025) by Xavier Querol
AR by Monika Łożyńska on behalf of the Authors (30 Jun 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (09 Jul 2025) by Xavier Querol
AR by Monika Łożyńska on behalf of the Authors (09 Jul 2025)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

15 Sep 2025
Measurement report: Seasonal trends and chemical speciation of chromium(III/VI) in different fractions of urban particulate matter – a case study of Radom, Poland
Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10499–10510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10499-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10499-2025, 2025
Short summary
Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik

Data sets

Measurement Report: Seasonal trends and chemical speciation of chromium (III/VI) in different fractions of urban particulate matter – a case study of Radom, Poland Monika Łożyńska https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14808852

Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik

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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
The assessment of chromium occurrence in particulate matter in cities: PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and PM0.25 during the calendar year was presented. The seasonality of both pseudototal chromium content and its valence speciation was examined. Seasonality of changes in Crtot and Cr(VI) concentrations was observed. Maximum in the winter season, most likely due to the greater share of fuel combustion sources. Regardless of the season, the risk levels for Radom residents were within the acceptable risk range.
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