Observations of Fragmented Aurora-like Emissions and Picket Fence on the Poleward Edge of the Auroral Oval

Abstract. We analyzed fragmented auroral-like emissions (FAEs) and picket fence structures observed in northern Scandinavia during a magnetic storm on January 1, 2025. The analysis is based on ground-based high-sensitivity optical observations and in-situ measurements from the Swarm satellites. While FAEs and picket fences have previously been reported in the polar cap and subauroral region, respectively, this study presents the first observation of both phenomena in auroral latitudes, near the poleward edge of the oval. Ground-based camera observations revealed that some FAEs exhibited field-aligned structures and appeared simultaneously at multiple longitudinally separated locations. Furthermore, the FAEs appeared to follow the motion of red auroras, suggesting that the background electric field structure and spatial gradients in the electron density may influence their formation. Consistent with previous studies, the generation of FAEs is considered to be due to local acceleration of electrons in the ionosphere rather than electron precipitation from the magnetosphere. While we could not clearly identify the generation mechanisms, the morphological diversity observed in this event suggests that multiple plasma instabilities may be involved in the generation of both FAEs and picket fence structures.