Review article: Rethinking Preparedness for Coastal Compound Flooding: Insights from a Systematic Review

Abstract. Tackling the growing risks of Compound Flooding (CF) requires transformative preparedness strategies, particularly in estuarine and coastal regions, where interaction of drivers such as storm surges, rainfall, and river discharge exacerbates impacts. Despite progress, fragmented governance, sectoral silos, and the limited integration of scientific insights hinder effective responses.

This review explores how preparedness strategies are evolving to integrate technical, environmental, and social dimensions while evaluating the role of governance and collaboration in enhancing adaptive approaches. Hybrid early warning systems combining statistical and hydrodynamic models with real-time data are critical for forecast accuracy and timely decision-making. Balanced implementation of green, blue, and gray infrastructure provides sustainable responses, with nature-based solutions complementing traditional engineering to address the unique challenges of CF.

Strengthening governance and communication is essential to improve preparedness. Co-produced strategies engaging governments, communities, and private actors foster inclusive, locally relevant efforts. Involving communities in land-use planning, building regulations, and communication ensures measures are both actionable and context-specific. Incorporating psychological and behavioral insights into preparedness frameworks helps translate awareness into effective actions.

By embracing the complexity of CF, preparedness can transcend fragmented approaches, integrating scientific innovation, adaptive governance, and tailored strategies that foster resilience in the face of a changing climate.