Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2548
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2548
05 Aug 2025
 | 05 Aug 2025

Lateral heat fluxes amplify the aggregation error of soil temperature in non-sorted circles

Melanie A. Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer

Abstract. Soil properties vary within centimeters, which is not captured by state-of-the-art land-surface models due to their kilometer-scale grid. This mismatch can lead to systematic errors when simulating the exchange of energy, water, and greenhouse gases between the land and atmosphere—collectively referred to as “aggregation error.”

To quantify the potential aggregation error of soil temperature, we developed the two-dimensional pedon-scale geophysical soil model DynSoM-2D, which has a spatial resolution of 10 cm. We applied DynSoM-2D at a permafrost-affected, non-sorted circle site using three different setups: (i) a homogeneous soil profile representing a typical land surface model, compiled by averaging the heterogeneous soil inputs; (ii) the actual heterogeneous soil profile of a typical non-sorted circle; and (iii) the heterogeneous soil profile including lateral heat fluxes.

Our results show that DynSoM simulates warmer soil temperatures when heterogeneous soil properties are considered, with this warming becoming even more pronounced and consistent across the domain when lateral heat fluxes are included. By aggregating grid cells, we traced the aggregation error back to the spatial distribution of organic matter, which nonlinearly alters soil thermal and hydrological properties, leading to the observed differences between simulations. In our case, the heterogeneity-induced warming led to a deepening of the active layer and an extension of the snow-free period, both of which can strongly alter ecosystem dynamics, while having only a minor effect on soil-atmosphere heat exchange on an annual basis.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

29 Apr 2026
Impact of soil heterogeneity and lateral heat fluxes on soil temperature simulations in a permafrost-affected soil
Melanie Alexandra Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 3509–3530, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3509-2026, 2026
Short summary
Melanie A. Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548 - No compliance with the policy of the journal', Juan Antonio Añel, 08 Aug 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Melanie A. Thurner, 12 Aug 2025
      • CEC2: 'Reply on AC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 12 Aug 2025
        • AC2: 'Reply on CEC2', Melanie A. Thurner, 13 Aug 2025
          • CC1: 'Reply on AC2', Xavier rodriguez-Lloveras, 01 Sep 2025
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Aug 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Melanie A. Thurner, 11 Nov 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548', Anonymous Referee #2, 11 Oct 2025
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC2', Melanie A. Thurner, 11 Nov 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548 - No compliance with the policy of the journal', Juan Antonio Añel, 08 Aug 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Melanie A. Thurner, 12 Aug 2025
      • CEC2: 'Reply on AC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 12 Aug 2025
        • AC2: 'Reply on CEC2', Melanie A. Thurner, 13 Aug 2025
          • CC1: 'Reply on AC2', Xavier rodriguez-Lloveras, 01 Sep 2025
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Aug 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Melanie A. Thurner, 11 Nov 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2548', Anonymous Referee #2, 11 Oct 2025
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC2', Melanie A. Thurner, 11 Nov 2025

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Melanie A. Thurner on behalf of the Authors (17 Dec 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (23 Dec 2025) by Danilo Mello
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (05 Jan 2026)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (09 Jan 2026)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (23 Jan 2026) by Danilo Mello
AR by Melanie A. Thurner on behalf of the Authors (11 Feb 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (08 Mar 2026) by Danilo Mello
AR by Melanie A. Thurner on behalf of the Authors (18 Mar 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (21 Mar 2026) by Danilo Mello
AR by Melanie A. Thurner on behalf of the Authors (31 Mar 2026)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

29 Apr 2026
Impact of soil heterogeneity and lateral heat fluxes on soil temperature simulations in a permafrost-affected soil
Melanie Alexandra Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 3509–3530, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3509-2026, 2026
Short summary
Melanie A. Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer
Melanie A. Thurner, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, and Christian Beer

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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
Soil texture varies over centimeters, which is overseen by large-scale models, likely causing simulation errors. We developed a 2-dimesional geophysical soil model (DynSoM-2D) with a resolution of 10 cm and ran it with different setups at a permafrost-affected site. Using high-resolution input, DynSoM-2D simulates a warmer soil, which thaws deeper and has an extended snow-free period in summer. These changes can impact ecosystem dynamics, but have little effect on yearly soil-air heat exchange.
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