Development of high spatial resolution annual emission inventory of greenhouse gases from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020

Abstract. Open straw burning has been widely recognized as a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), posing critical risks to atmospheric integrity and potentially exacerbating global warming. In this study, we proposed a novel method that integrates crop cycle information into extraction and classification of fire spots from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020. By synergizing the extracted fire spots with the modified Fire Radiative Power (FRP) algorithm, we developed high spatial resolution emission inventories of GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Results showed that the northern Sanjiang Plain, eastern Songnen Plain, and eastern Liao River Plain were areas with high intensity of open straw burning. The number of fire spots was elevated during 2013–2017, accounting for 58.0 % of the total fire spots observed during 2001–2020. The prevalent season for open straw burning shifted from autumn (pre-2016) to spring (post-2016), accompanied by a more dispersed pattern in burning dates. The two-decade cumulative emissions of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O were quantified at 202 Tg, 568 Gg, and 16.0 Gg, respectively, amounting to 221 Tg of CO₂-eq. Significant correlations were identified between GHGs emissions and both straw yields and straw utilization (p < 0.01). The enforcement of straw burning bans since 2018 has played a pivotal role in curbing open straw burning, and reduced fire spots by 50.7 % on annual basis compared to 2013–2017. The novel method proposed in this study considerably enhanced the accuracy in characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of fire spots from open straw burning and quantifying associated pollutants emissions.