Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3357
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3357
07 Nov 2024
 | 07 Nov 2024
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).

Significant spatial and temporal variation of the concentrations and chemical composition of ultrafine particulate matter over Europe

Konstantinos Mataras, Evangelia Siouti, David Patoulias, and Spyros Pandis

Abstract. Ultrafine particles have attracted interest as perhaps the most dangerous fraction of atmospheric PM. This study focuses on the characterization of ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.1) mass concentrations and their chemical composition during a summer and winter period in Europe.

Predicted levels of PM0.1 varied substantially, both in space and in time. The average predicted PM0.1 mass concentration was 0.6 μg m-3 in the summer, higher than the 0.3 μg m-3 predicted in the winter period. PM0.1 chemical composition exhibited significant seasonality. In summer, PM0.1 was mostly comprised of secondary inorganic matter (38 % sulfate and 13 % ammonium) and organics (9 % primary and 32 % secondary). During the winter, the fraction of secondary inorganic matter increased, with sulfate contributing 47 % and ammonium 19 %, on average. Primary organic matter contribution also increased from 9 % in summer to 23 % in winter, while secondary organic matter decreased significantly to 6 % on average during winter.

During summertime, the model performance at 12 sites for daily average ultrafine particle volume (PV0.1) concentrations was considered good, with normalized mean error (NME) equal to 46 % and normalized mean bias (NMB) equal to 15 %. For the winter period, the corresponding values for daily average levels were -27 % for NMB and 64 % for NME, indicating an average model performance.

Correlations between PM0.1 and the currently regulated PM2.5 were generally low. Better correlations were observed in cases where the primary component of PM0.1 was significant. This suggests that there are significant differences between the dominant sources and processes of PM0.1 and PM2.5.

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Konstantinos Mataras, Evangelia Siouti, David Patoulias, and Spyros Pandis

Status: open (until 21 Dec 2024)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
Konstantinos Mataras, Evangelia Siouti, David Patoulias, and Spyros Pandis
Konstantinos Mataras, Evangelia Siouti, David Patoulias, and Spyros Pandis

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Short summary
Predicted levels of ultrafine particle mass (PM0.1) vary substantially over Europe with higher values in the summer than in the winter. In summer, PM0.1 was mostly comprised of sulfate (38 %) and secondary organics (32 %). During winter the sulfate fraction increased to 47 % and primary organics contributed 23 %. Correlations between PM0.1 and the regulated PM2.5 were low. This suggests that there are significant differences between the dominant sources and processes of PM0.1 and PM2.5.