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https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2828
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2828
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Preprints
20 Sep 2024
 | 20 Sep 2024
Status: this preprint is open for discussion.

Revisiting the Sunspot Number as EUV proxy for ionospheric F2 critical frequency

Bruno S. Zossi, Franco D. Medina, Trinidad Duran, Blas F. de Haro Barbas, and Ana G. Elias

Abstract. This study reconsiders the Sunspot Number (Sn) as a solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) proxy for modeling the ionospheric F2 layer's critical frequency (foF2) over the period 1960–2023. We compare the performance of Sn with F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes, focusing on their ability to model the Global Ionospheric index (IG). Our results reveal that while F30 has shown a better correlation in recent solar cycles, the Sn is the most stable and reliable over the entire dataset, obtaining the highest correlation. In addition, if we remove the saturation effects from the considering a maximum value of Sn, the correlation increases, outperforming all other proxies, and predicting correctly the long-term trend estimated by general circulation models.

How to cite. Zossi, B. S., Medina, F. D., Duran, T., de Haro Barbas, B. F., and Elias, A. G.: Revisiting the Sunspot Number as EUV proxy for ionospheric F2 critical frequency, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2828, 2024.
Received: 09 Sep 2024 – Discussion started: 20 Sep 2024
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Bruno S. Zossi, Franco D. Medina, Trinidad Duran, Blas F. de Haro Barbas, and Ana G. Elias

Status: open (until 01 Nov 2024)

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Bruno S. Zossi, Franco D. Medina, Trinidad Duran, Blas F. de Haro Barbas, and Ana G. Elias
Bruno S. Zossi, Franco D. Medina, Trinidad Duran, Blas F. de Haro Barbas, and Ana G. Elias

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Short summary
This study explores how the solar Sunspot Number (Sn) compares with other solar indicators like solar radio fluxes in predicting changes in Earth's ionosphere, particularly its critical frequency, over more than 60 years. The work finds that Sn, despite recent fluctuations in other proxies, remains the most stable predictor across all time periods. When adjusting for potential data saturation, Sn outperforms other proxies, providing a more accurate forecast of long-term ionospheric trends.
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