the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 28 Feb 2024
A significant mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion to atmospheric environment: a case study of North China Plain
Abstract. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport results in the stratospheric intrusion (SI) of O3 into the free troposphere through the tropopause folding. However, the mechanism of SI influencing the atmospheric environment with the cross-layer transport of O3 from the stratosphere, free troposphere to the atmospheric boundary layer has not been elucidated thoroughly. In this study, a SI event over the North China Plain (NCP) was taken to investigate the mechanism of the cross-layer transport of stratospheric O3 with the impact on the near-surface O3 based on the multi-source reanalysis and observation data and air quality modeling. The results revealed a significant mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion to the atmospheric environment induced by an extratropical cyclone system. The SI with downward transport of stratospheric O3 to near-surface layer was driven by the extratropical cyclone system with vertical coupling of "upper westerly trough-middle the Northeast Cold Vortex (NECV)-lower extratropical cyclone" in the troposphere. The deep trough in the westerly jet aroused the tropopause folding, and the lower stratospheric O3 penetrated the folded tropopause into the upper and middle troposphere; the westerly trough was cut off to form a typical cold vortex in the upper and middle troposphere. The compensating downdrafts of the NECV pushed the further downward transport of stratospheric O3 in the free troposphere; The NECV activated an extratropical cyclone in the lower troposphere, and the vertical cyclonic circulation governed the stratospheric O3 from the free troposphere across the boundary layer top invading the near-surface atmosphere. In this SI event, the averaged contribution of stratospheric O3 to near-surface O3 was accounted for 26.77 %. The proposed meteorological mechanism of vertical transport of stratospheric O3 into the near-surface atmosphere driven by an extratropical cyclone system could improve the understanding of the influence of stratospheric O3 on atmospheric environment with implications for the coordinated control of atmospheric pollution.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
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Supplement
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(2166 KB) - Metadata XML
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Supplement
(1035 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-268', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Mar 2024
In this manuscript, the author proposes the "upper westerly trough-middle NECV-lower extratropical cyclone" model, which provides a solid scientific explanation for the stratospheric ozone intrusion event that occurred in Northeast China in May 2019. Model simulations and observational analyzes provide substantial evidence supporting the authors' hypotheses. This is a paper worthy of acceptance and publication. Below are some specific comments and questions.
Line 107: “The portion of tropospheric O3 concentrations originating from the stratosphere (O3S)”, The author may need more description to substantiate this claim
Line 125 to 127: “The differences in --- in the SI event”, How sensitive is the "quantitative effect" to the ozone lateral boundary conditions used in the control experiments? It is best to provide information on how to set the ozone lateral boundary conditions at the top level of the model in WRF-CHEM.
Line 130: “Fig.S2”, Is it the average of all observations in domain 03? Please explain in detail
Line 138 to 139: “Therefore, our simulation results are available and convincing.”, Please see the first question above
Line 148: “Fig. S4b”, Is the value of air temperature in the picture negative or positive?
Line 172 to 176: “the intense --- to the near-surface layer”, Since both subsidence and ascending motion occur in extratropical cyclone systems, stratospheric intrusion ozone reaching the surface will rapidly diffuse and be carried back to the upper troposphere. Therefore, such events are difficult to observe.
Line 215: “week”, weak??
Line 225: “Figure 5”, How many weather observatories are there and how many ozone and carbon monoxide observatories are there? Why do the authors use regionally averaged observations? Have the authors looked at single-site observations of ozone in particular?
Line 258: “vertical mixing (VMIX) --- vertical advection (ADVZ)”, What is the difference between VMIX and ADVZ?
Line 266: “Fig. 6”, How did the authors choose the IPR times shown in Figure 6 for SJZ and JN?
Line 280: “without o3 pollution”, confused
Line 290: “Figure 7”, Is it the model simulation result on domain 03?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-268-RC1 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-268/egusphere-2024-268-AC2-supplement.pdf
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AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-268', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Apr 2024
- AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-268', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Mar 2024
In this manuscript, the author proposes the "upper westerly trough-middle NECV-lower extratropical cyclone" model, which provides a solid scientific explanation for the stratospheric ozone intrusion event that occurred in Northeast China in May 2019. Model simulations and observational analyzes provide substantial evidence supporting the authors' hypotheses. This is a paper worthy of acceptance and publication. Below are some specific comments and questions.
Line 107: “The portion of tropospheric O3 concentrations originating from the stratosphere (O3S)”, The author may need more description to substantiate this claim
Line 125 to 127: “The differences in --- in the SI event”, How sensitive is the "quantitative effect" to the ozone lateral boundary conditions used in the control experiments? It is best to provide information on how to set the ozone lateral boundary conditions at the top level of the model in WRF-CHEM.
Line 130: “Fig.S2”, Is it the average of all observations in domain 03? Please explain in detail
Line 138 to 139: “Therefore, our simulation results are available and convincing.”, Please see the first question above
Line 148: “Fig. S4b”, Is the value of air temperature in the picture negative or positive?
Line 172 to 176: “the intense --- to the near-surface layer”, Since both subsidence and ascending motion occur in extratropical cyclone systems, stratospheric intrusion ozone reaching the surface will rapidly diffuse and be carried back to the upper troposphere. Therefore, such events are difficult to observe.
Line 215: “week”, weak??
Line 225: “Figure 5”, How many weather observatories are there and how many ozone and carbon monoxide observatories are there? Why do the authors use regionally averaged observations? Have the authors looked at single-site observations of ozone in particular?
Line 258: “vertical mixing (VMIX) --- vertical advection (ADVZ)”, What is the difference between VMIX and ADVZ?
Line 266: “Fig. 6”, How did the authors choose the IPR times shown in Figure 6 for SJZ and JN?
Line 280: “without o3 pollution”, confused
Line 290: “Figure 7”, Is it the model simulation result on domain 03?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-268-RC1 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-268/egusphere-2024-268-AC2-supplement.pdf
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AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-268', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Apr 2024
- AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Tianliang Zhao, 10 Apr 2024
Peer review completion
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Yuehan Luo
Tianliang Zhao
Kai Meng
Qingjian Yang
Yongqing Bai
Kai Yang
Weikang Fu
Chenghao Tan
Yifan Zhang
Yanzhe Zhang
Zhikuan Li
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(2166 KB) - Metadata XML
-
Supplement
(1035 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper