Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1803
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1803
20 Aug 2024
 | 20 Aug 2024

Empirical Modeling of Tropospheric Delays and Uncertainty

Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang

Abstract. Accurate modeling of troposphere delay is important for high-precision data analysis of space geodetic techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The empirical troposphere delay models provide zenith delays with an accuracy of 3 to 4 cm globally and do not rely on external meteorological input. They are thus important for providing a priori delays and serving as constraint information to improve the convergence of real-time GNSS positioning, and in the latter case, the proper weighting is critical. Currently, the empirical troposphere delay models only provide the delay value, but not the uncertainty of the delay. For the first time, we present a global empirical troposphere delay model, which provides both the zenith delay and the corresponding uncertainty, based on 10 years of tropospheric delays from the Numerical Weather Model (NWM). The model is based on a global grid, and at each grid point a set of parameters that describes the delay and uncertainty by the constant, annual, and semi-annual terms. The empirically modeled zenith delay has an agreement of 36 and 38 mm compared to three years delay values from NWM and four years estimates from GNSS stations, which is comparable to the previous models such as GPT3. The modeled ZTD uncertainty shows a correlation of 96 % with the accuracy of the empirical ZTD model over 380 GNSS stations over the four years. For GNSS stations where the uncertainty annual amplitude is larger than 20 mm, the temporal correlation between the uncertainty and smoothed accuracy reaches 85 %. Using GPS pseudo-kinematic PPP solutions of ~200 globally distributed stations over four months in 2020, we demonstrate that using the proper constraints can improve the convergence speed. The uncertainty modeling is based on a similar dataset as the GPT series, and thus it is also applicable for these empirical models.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

10 Mar 2025
Empirical modeling of tropospheric delays with uncertainty
Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1487–1504, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1487-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1487-2025, 2025
Short summary
Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Fabio Crameri, 20 Aug 2024
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Anonymous Referee #1, 20 Sep 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Sep 2024
  • AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Jungang Wang, 12 Nov 2024

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Fabio Crameri, 20 Aug 2024
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Anonymous Referee #1, 20 Sep 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Sep 2024
  • AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1803', Jungang Wang, 12 Nov 2024

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Jungang Wang on behalf of the Authors (12 Nov 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (21 Nov 2024) by Le Yu
RR by M. Kačmařík (29 Nov 2024)
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (12 Dec 2024)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (21 Dec 2024) by Le Yu
AR by Jungang Wang on behalf of the Authors (23 Dec 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (09 Jan 2025) by Le Yu
AR by Jungang Wang on behalf of the Authors (09 Jan 2025)

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

10 Mar 2025
Empirical modeling of tropospheric delays with uncertainty
Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1487–1504, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1487-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1487-2025, 2025
Short summary
Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang
Jungang Wang, Junping Chen, and Yize Zhang

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Short summary
GNSS is widely used for real-time monitoring and early warning of geohazard. Accurate modeling of tropospheric delays is critical to achieving high-precision GNSS solutions, and using external delay values can improve real-time GNSS convergence time. Current empirical delay models only provide the delay but not the uncertainty. We propose a global empirical delay model with the corresponding uncertainty, and demonstrate its benefits in accelerating GNSS positioning convergence.
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