Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1711
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1711
24 Jun 2024
 | 24 Jun 2024

Future Changes of Compound Explosive Cyclones and Atmospheric Rivers in the North Atlantic

Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori

Abstract. The explosive development of extratropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in driving extreme weather in the mid-latitudes, such as compound windstorm-flood events. Although both explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers are well-understood and their relationship has been studied previously, there is still a gap in our understanding of how a warmer climate may affect their concurrence. Here, we focus on evaluating the current climatology and assessing changes in the future concurrence between atmospheric rivers and explosive cyclones in the North Atlantic. To accomplish this, we independently detect and track atmospheric rivers and extratropical cyclones and study their concurrence in both ERA5 reanalysis and CMIP6 historical and future climate simulations. In agreement with the literature, atmospheric rivers are more often detected in the vicinity of explosive cyclones than non-explosive cyclones in all datasets, and the atmospheric river intensity increases in all the future scenarios analysed. Moreover, we find that explosive cyclones with atmospheric rivers are longer-lasting and deeper than other explosive cyclone. Notably, we identify a significant and systematic future increase in the cylones – atmospheric river concurrences. Finally, under the worst-case scenario, the explosive cyclone – atmospheric river concurrences show an increase and model agreement over western Europe. As such, our work provides a novel statistical relation between explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers in CMIP6 climate projections and a characterization of their joint changes in intensity and location.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

21 Jan 2025
Future changes in compound explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers in the North Atlantic
Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-169-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-169-2025, 2025
Short summary
Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Mika Rantanen, 18 Jul 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Aug 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #3, 06 Aug 2024
  • RC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #4, 06 Aug 2024

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Mika Rantanen, 18 Jul 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Aug 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #3, 06 Aug 2024
  • RC4: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1711', Anonymous Referee #4, 06 Aug 2024

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (28 Sep 2024) by Olivia Martius
AR by Ferran Lopez-Marti on behalf of the Authors (25 Oct 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (06 Nov 2024) by Olivia Martius
RR by Mika Rantanen (15 Nov 2024)
ED: Publish as is (20 Nov 2024) by Olivia Martius
AR by Ferran Lopez-Marti on behalf of the Authors (20 Nov 2024)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

21 Jan 2025
Future changes in compound explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers in the North Atlantic
Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-169-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-169-2025, 2025
Short summary
Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori
Ferran Lopez-Marti, Mireia Ginesta, Davide Faranda, Anna Rutgersson, Pascal Yiou, Lichuan Wu, and Gabriele Messori

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Short summary
Explosive Cyclones and Atmospheric Rivers are two main drivers of extreme weather in Europe. In this study, we investigate their joint changes in future climates over the North Atlantic. Our results show that both the concurrence of these events and the intensity of atmospheric rivers increase by the end of the century across different future scenarios. Furthermore, explosive cyclones associated with atmospheric rivers are longer-lasting and deeper than those without atmospheric rivers.