the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 23 Apr 2024
Spatial and temporal variation in long-term temperature and water vapor in the mesopause Region
Abstract. Mesopause is the zone of minimum temperature in Earth’s atmosphere. Temperature variation in this region is one of the important responsible factors for chemical and physical changes including spatiotemporal variability in water vapor content. Twenty-two years of monthly temperature and water vapor data were used from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry. Eight months per year (excluding transitional months) were selected for temporal analysis. Spatially the region is classified into four parts including Northern, and Southern Poles. Long-term variations in water vapor and temperature in the selected domains of time and space as well as at equinoxes and solstices are presented. A decreasing, and increasing trend in temperature and water vapor respectively was observed during the study period. Yearly averaged temperature and water vapor content showed that 2002 was the hottest year (193 K) and had minimum water vaper content (0.89 ppmv) and 2018 was the coldest year (187 K) and had maximum water vapor content (1.14 ppmv). June and July were the coldest months and January and December were hotter months throughout the year over the North Pole and Equator. The vertical gradient of temperature and water vapor (80 to 100 km) changes with space and time however, has a strong negative relation in all selected locations and seasons. Around the equinoxes, the monthly average distribution of mesopause temperature was highest (191 K), followed by winter solstice and then summer solstice. The decreasing trend in temperature and an increasing trend in water vapor can be an early warning indication for future climate change.
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Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 May 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-RC1-supplement.pdf
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC1-supplement.pdf
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 May 2024
This paper has interesting topic, which is well in scope of ACP. However, there are various flaws in the paper. English of the paper needs substantial improvement; some suggestions are below. I recommend major revision.
Comments:
The results of this paper generally confirm previous findings with longer datasets analyzed here. Authors should clearly describe in Conclusions, what is new in their results compared to the current state-of-the-art.
You are working with monthly data. However, trends based on SABER monthly data are not correct, trends should be based on data averaged over yaw cycle of SABER/TIMED.
Page 6: Shorter-term decreases and increases of temperature reflect primarily the 11-year solar cycle.
Lines 166-167: The greater solar flux in December/January due to orbital eccentricity contributes to difference in temperature for sure.
Lines 195-197: Variations of temperature with height are similar in June and December but evidently different in April (Fig. 2c). Correct your sentence.
Table 1: Table 1 is amazing collection of trend information. Differences in temperature trends may be partly from different changes of ozone in different periods. Water vapor – different periods may include or not water vapor drops in 2001-2002 and 2014, which affects trends.
Lines 298-300: I do not understand these two sentences. What would you like to say?
Lines 83-84: WV controls the concentration of O3 – add at least one reference.
Line 330 and 331: “”June showed” should be “June and July showed”; “seven months” should be “six months (Figure 5)”.
Lines 335-338: Where these statements are documented/illustrated in the paper?
Lines 352-353: This statement requires a citation.
Lines 421-423: Differences 156, 210 and 183 k are nonsense and do not correspond to Fig. 8.
List of references:
- Important reference Guo (2024) is missing.
- Wherever possible add either doi index or https address.
Wording or misprints:
- Line 72: Start with “Water vapor (WV)”
- Line 84: “water-mixing” should be “water vapor-mixing”
- Line 91: reference should be “Chandra et al. (1997)”
- Line 135: “(Figure 2)” should be “Figure 2”
- Lines 174-176: :warming, and the causes adiabatic cooling” should be “warming and adiabatic cooling, respectively”
- Line 236: “(Hervig et al., 2003) should be “Hervig et al. (2003)
- Line 246: “bysolar” should be “by solar”
- Line 248: “The solar” should be “the solar”
- Lines 264 and 267: “Figure 3” should be “(Figure 3)”; similarly Figure 4 on line 313, Figure 5c on line 360.
- Line 265: “(Dalin et al., 2023)” should be “Dalin et al. (2023)”; similarly citations at line 278.
- Line 323: “temperatures at” should be “temperatures (Figure 5) at”
- Lines 325-326:”those Xu et al., 2007), showed” should be “those of Xu et al. (2007) showed”
- Line 334: “altitude” should be “with altitude”
- Line 350: “temperature” should be “WV”
- Line 352: “January this” should be “January; this”
- Line 358: “WV 5a (yearly averaged)” should be “WV (Figure 5a, yearly averaged).
- Line 366: delete “of the”
- Line 368: “months and (December and January) were” should be “months, and December and January were”
- Line 375: delete “was”
- Line 386: “ppmv respectively” should be “ppmv, respectively”
- Line 388: “had relatively” should be “which however had relatively”
- Line 399: “soloists” should be “solstices”
- Line 405: “however it look” should be “however the difference look”
- Line 414: “Intra-annual” should be “inter-annual”
- Lines 429, 432-433: “(Wang et al., 2022)” should be “Wang et al. (2022); the same with Xu et al.
- Line 435: “month North” should be “month for the North”
- Line 477: “(Dalin et al., 2020) should be “Dalin et al. (2020)”
- Line 488: “in (Xu et al., 2007)” should be “by Xu et al. (2007)”
- Line 497: “; Xu” should be “and Xu”. Similar at line 509
- Line 510: delete “almost”
- Line 574: delete “year”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC2-supplement.pdf
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RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 May 2024
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AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC3-supplement.pdf
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 May 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-RC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 May 2024
This paper has interesting topic, which is well in scope of ACP. However, there are various flaws in the paper. English of the paper needs substantial improvement; some suggestions are below. I recommend major revision.
Comments:
The results of this paper generally confirm previous findings with longer datasets analyzed here. Authors should clearly describe in Conclusions, what is new in their results compared to the current state-of-the-art.
You are working with monthly data. However, trends based on SABER monthly data are not correct, trends should be based on data averaged over yaw cycle of SABER/TIMED.
Page 6: Shorter-term decreases and increases of temperature reflect primarily the 11-year solar cycle.
Lines 166-167: The greater solar flux in December/January due to orbital eccentricity contributes to difference in temperature for sure.
Lines 195-197: Variations of temperature with height are similar in June and December but evidently different in April (Fig. 2c). Correct your sentence.
Table 1: Table 1 is amazing collection of trend information. Differences in temperature trends may be partly from different changes of ozone in different periods. Water vapor – different periods may include or not water vapor drops in 2001-2002 and 2014, which affects trends.
Lines 298-300: I do not understand these two sentences. What would you like to say?
Lines 83-84: WV controls the concentration of O3 – add at least one reference.
Line 330 and 331: “”June showed” should be “June and July showed”; “seven months” should be “six months (Figure 5)”.
Lines 335-338: Where these statements are documented/illustrated in the paper?
Lines 352-353: This statement requires a citation.
Lines 421-423: Differences 156, 210 and 183 k are nonsense and do not correspond to Fig. 8.
List of references:
- Important reference Guo (2024) is missing.
- Wherever possible add either doi index or https address.
Wording or misprints:
- Line 72: Start with “Water vapor (WV)”
- Line 84: “water-mixing” should be “water vapor-mixing”
- Line 91: reference should be “Chandra et al. (1997)”
- Line 135: “(Figure 2)” should be “Figure 2”
- Lines 174-176: :warming, and the causes adiabatic cooling” should be “warming and adiabatic cooling, respectively”
- Line 236: “(Hervig et al., 2003) should be “Hervig et al. (2003)
- Line 246: “bysolar” should be “by solar”
- Line 248: “The solar” should be “the solar”
- Lines 264 and 267: “Figure 3” should be “(Figure 3)”; similarly Figure 4 on line 313, Figure 5c on line 360.
- Line 265: “(Dalin et al., 2023)” should be “Dalin et al. (2023)”; similarly citations at line 278.
- Line 323: “temperatures at” should be “temperatures (Figure 5) at”
- Lines 325-326:”those Xu et al., 2007), showed” should be “those of Xu et al. (2007) showed”
- Line 334: “altitude” should be “with altitude”
- Line 350: “temperature” should be “WV”
- Line 352: “January this” should be “January; this”
- Line 358: “WV 5a (yearly averaged)” should be “WV (Figure 5a, yearly averaged).
- Line 366: delete “of the”
- Line 368: “months and (December and January) were” should be “months, and December and January were”
- Line 375: delete “was”
- Line 386: “ppmv respectively” should be “ppmv, respectively”
- Line 388: “had relatively” should be “which however had relatively”
- Line 399: “soloists” should be “solstices”
- Line 405: “however it look” should be “however the difference look”
- Line 414: “Intra-annual” should be “inter-annual”
- Lines 429, 432-433: “(Wang et al., 2022)” should be “Wang et al. (2022); the same with Xu et al.
- Line 435: “month North” should be “month for the North”
- Line 477: “(Dalin et al., 2020) should be “Dalin et al. (2020)”
- Line 488: “in (Xu et al., 2007)” should be “by Xu et al. (2007)”
- Line 497: “; Xu” should be “and Xu”. Similar at line 509
- Line 510: delete “almost”
- Line 574: delete “year”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC2-supplement.pdf
-
RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1144', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 May 2024
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1144/egusphere-2024-1144-AC3-supplement.pdf
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Chaman Gul, 31 Jul 2024
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