Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2962
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2962
02 Jan 2024
 | 02 Jan 2024

Application of regional meteorology and air quality models based on MIPS CPU Platform

Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng

Abstract. The MIPS processor architecture is a type of Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor architecture, which has advantages in terms of energy consumption and efficiency. There are few studies on the application of MIPS CPUs in the geoscientific numerical models. In this study, Loongson 3A4000 CPU platform with MIPS64 architecture was used to establish the runtime environment for the air quality modelling system WRF-CAMx in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results show that the relative errors for the major species (NO2, SO2, O3, CO, PNO3 and PSO4) between the MIPS and X86 benchmark platform are within ± 0.1 %. The maximum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of major species ranged to 10−2 ppbV or μg m−3, the maximum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranged to 10−1 ppbV or μg m−3, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) remained within 0.5 %. The CAMx takes about 15.2 minutes on Loongson 3A4000 CPU and 4.8 minutes on Intel Xeon E5-2697 v4 CPU, when simulating a 2h-case with four parallel processes using MPICH. As a result, the single-core computing capability of Loongson 3A4000 CPU for the WRF-CAMx modeling system is about one-third of Intel Xeon E5-2697 v4 CPU, but the thermal design power (TDP) of Loongson 3A4000 is 30W, only about one-fifth of Intel Xeon E5-2697 v4, which TDP is 145W. Thus, Loongson 3A4000 has higher energy efficiency in the application of the WRF-CAMx modeling system. The results also verify the feasibility of cross-platform porting and the scientific usability of the ported model. This study provides a technical foundation for the porting and optimization of numerical models based on MIPS or other RISC platforms.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

24 May 2024
Application of regional meteorology and air quality models based on the microprocessor without interlocked piped stages (MIPS) and LoongArch CPU platforms
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Jan 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Qizhong Wu, 31 Jan 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Jan 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Qizhong Wu, 02 Feb 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 Jan 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Qizhong Wu, 22 Feb 2024

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Jan 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Qizhong Wu, 31 Jan 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Jan 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Qizhong Wu, 02 Feb 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2962', Anonymous Referee #3, 16 Jan 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Qizhong Wu, 22 Feb 2024

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Qizhong Wu on behalf of the Authors (01 Mar 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (07 Mar 2024) by Xiaomeng Huang
AR by Qizhong Wu on behalf of the Authors (11 Mar 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (20 Mar 2024) by Xiaomeng Huang
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (24 Mar 2024)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (31 Mar 2024) by Xiaomeng Huang
AR by Qizhong Wu on behalf of the Authors (31 Mar 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (04 Apr 2024) by Xiaomeng Huang
AR by Qizhong Wu on behalf of the Authors (05 Apr 2024)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

24 May 2024
Application of regional meteorology and air quality models based on the microprocessor without interlocked piped stages (MIPS) and LoongArch CPU platforms
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng

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Latest update: 03 Sep 2024
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Short summary
There are relatively limited researches on the application of scientific computing on RISC CPU platforms. The MIPS architecture CPUs, a type of RISC CPU, have distinct advantages in energy efficiency and scalability. In this study, the air quality modeling system can run stably on MIPS CPU platform, and the experiment results verify the stability of scientific computing on the platform. The work provides a technical foundation for the scientific application based on MIPS CPU platforms.