the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 14 Jul 2023
Modeling and evaluating the effects of irrigation on land-atmosphere interaction in South-West Europe with the regional climate model REMO2020-iMOVE using a newly developed parameterization
Christina Asmus
Peter Hoffmann
Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen
Jürgen Böhner
Diana Rechid
Abstract. Irrigation is a crucial land use practice to adapt agriculture to unsuitable climate and soil conditions. Aiming for improving the growth of plants, irrigation modifies the soil condition, which causes atmospheric effects and feedbacks through land-atmosphere interaction. These effects can be quantified with numerical climate models, as has been done in various studies. It could be shown that irrigation effects, such as air temperature reduction and humidity increase are well understood and should not be neglected on local and regional scales. However, there is a lack of studies including the role of vegetation in the altered land-atmosphere interaction. With the increasing resolution of numerical climate models, these detailed processes have a chance to be better resolved and studied. This study aims for analyzing the effects of irrigation on land-atmosphere interaction, including the effects and feedbacks of vegetation. We developed a new parameterization for irrigation and implemented it into the REgional climate MOdel REMO2020, coupled with the interactive MOsaicbased VEgetation module iMOVE. Following this new approach of a separate irrigated fraction, the parameterization is suitable as a subgrid parameterization for high-resolution studies and resolves irrigation effects on land, atmosphere, and vegetation. Further, the parameterization is designed with three different water application schemes in order to analyze different parameterization approaches and their influence on the representation of irrigation effects. We apply the irrigation parameterization for South-West Europe including the Mediterranean region on 0.11° horizontal resolution for hot extremes. The simulation results are evaluated in terms of the consistency of physical processes. We found direct effects of irrigation, like a changed surface energy balance with increased latent and decreased sensible heat fluxes, and a surface temperature reduction of more than -4 K as mean during the growing season. Further, vegetation reacts to irrigation with direct effects, such as reduced water stress, but also with feedbacks, such as a delayed growing season caused by the reduction of the near-surface temperature. Furthermore, the results were compared to observational data showing a significant bias reduction in the 2 m mean temperature when using the irrigation parameterization.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
(11526 KB)
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
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- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Christina Asmus et al.
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Jozsef Szilagyi, 18 Jul 2023
I wonder if the authors are familiar with the findings of "Anthropogenic hydrometeorological changes at a regional scale: Observed irrigation-precipitation feedback (1979-2015) in Nebraska, USA" by Szilagyi and Franz in Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(1), 1-10. It would be interesting to see if the model can in theory reproduce this observation of local precipitation suppression by regional scale irrigation!
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CC1 -
AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Joszsef, thank you for your valuable hint. The results of your study are very interesting. We were not aware of it, but included it now in our paper. In our study, irrigation increases the monthly precipitation in all months except for August and September (Fig. 12). However, we simulated only one year. To be able to make clearer statements about precipitation-irrigation feedback a longer experiment and convection-permitting resolution are needed. Convective precipitation genesis depends on multiple, interconnected factors such as atmospheric stability, moisture content, temperature profiles, and wind patterns. The climatology and surrounding meteorological conditions are further influencing factors, which drive the develpment of irrigation effects. Our region is characterized by a Mediterranean climate as well as showing influences from the Alps, whereas Nebraska shows a continental climate. These regional differences are also shown eg. in Thierry et al. 2017, Lobell et. al 2009.
We added your study in our Discussion in the manuscript (line 570): “In our study irrigation effects on precipitation remain unclear and cannot reproduce the findings in observation studies showing a regional annual decrease of precipitation as found in Szilagyi and Franz (2020). However, irrigation effects on precipitation are indirect and influenced by many interconnected factors such as atmospheric stability, specific humidity, temperature, and wind patterns. These make a comparison difficult. To find clearer patterns of irrigation effects on precipitation, a longer experiment is necessary. Further, in our study, the convective precipitation is parameterized and the generating processes are not resolved. Therefore, we recommend using convection-permitting resolution for analyzing precipitation-irrigation feedback.”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC2
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AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
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CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Juan Antonio Añel, 03 Aug 2023
Dear authors,
Unfortunately, after checking your manuscript, it has come to our attention that it does not comply with our "Code and Data Policy".
https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/policies/code_and_data_policy.htmlYou do not provide a repository for the code of REMO2020-iMOVE, and you state that for it, an email address should be contacted for it. We can not accept this. You must publish the code of the new developments to the model and all the model code in one of the suitable repositories. Despite the request by the handling topical editor regarding this issue, and according to our records in the system, you did not address it.
Also, although, in general, you have done good work with the repositories for data, you fail to do it with the data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/. This webpage is not a long-term, trustable repository. Moreover, you provide little information about how to get the exact data you have used, as you only include a generic link to the home page. Therefore, we have to ask you to deposit the data that you have used in one of the acceptable repositories listed in our policy.
I note that your manuscript should not have been accepted in Discussions, given this lack of compliance with our policy. Therefore, the current situation with your manuscript is irregular, and if you do not fix the mentioned problems, we will have to reject your manuscript for publication in our journal.
Therefore, please, publish your code and data in one of the appropriate repositories, and reply to this comment with the relevant information (link and DOI) as soon as possible, as it should be available before the Discussions stage.
Also, you must include in a potentially reviewed version of your manuscript the modified 'Code and Data Availability' section with the DOI and links of the code and data repositories.
Please, when uploading the code, be aware that If you do not include a license, the code continues to be your property and can not be used by others. Therefore, when uploading the model's code to the repository, add a license. You could want to choose a free software/open-source (FLOSS) license. We recommend the GPLv3. You only need to include the file 'https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt' as LICENSE.txt with your code. Also, you can choose other options: GPLv2, Apache License, MIT License, etc.
Juan A. Añel
Geosci. Model Dev. Executive EditorCitation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CEC1 -
CEC2: 'Reply on CEC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 05 Sep 2023
For the records, this issue on code publication has been solved through exchanges with the authors outside Discussions.
Juan A. Añel
Geosci. Model Dev. Executive Editor
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CEC2 -
AC1: 'Reply on CEC2', Christina Asmus, 11 Sep 2023
As authors dealing with the issue of restricted code, we followed the core principles of the GMD Data and Code Police paragraph 2 and provided the code of REMO2020-iMOVE to the handling editor and reviewers. Therefore, the code is available to ensure the most transparent review process possible.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC1
-
AC1: 'Reply on CEC2', Christina Asmus, 11 Sep 2023
-
AC3: 'Reply on CEC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Juan A. Añel, see our answers to your 2 main critical points below.
CEC: Also, although, in general, you have done good work with the repositories for data, you fail to do it with the data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/. This webpage is not a long-term, trustable repository. Moreover, you provide little information about how to get the exact data you have used, as you only include a generic link to the home page. Therefore, we have to ask you to deposit the data that you have used in one of the acceptable repositories listed in our policy.
AC: Thank you for pointing out this weakness in our study. We improved the description of the download of the observational data from the SCIA website and added the used observation data to our repository along with a copyright statement on zenodo after receiving the permission of ISPRA (who hosts the SCIA data).
In the revised manuscript, we added in line 601: "The scripts used to produce the results presented in this paper are archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7889384), as is the simulation data together with the observational data from SCIA (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867328) after we received their permission. Originally, we downloaded the observation data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/ using the API http://193.206.192.214/servertsutm/serietemporali accessed on 14/10/2022. The code can be cited as Asmus and Buntemeyer (2023), the data of this study can be cited as Asmus (2023).”
CEC: You do not provide a repository for the code of REMO2020-iMOVE, and you state that for it, an email address should be contacted for it. We can not accept this. You must publish the code of the new developments to the model and all the model code in one of the suitable repositories. Despite the request by the handling topical editor regarding this issue, and according to our records in the system, you did not address it.
AC: We provided the REMO2020-iMOVE code with the initial submission on request of the handling topic editor. Therefore, the code was accessible to the reviewers and fulfilled the GMD Code & Data policy for restricted codes. The code is restricted due to reasons beyond us authors, therefore, we cannot publish it. This issue was solved in a private discussion on 28/08/2023.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC3
-
CEC2: 'Reply on CEC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 05 Sep 2023
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Sep 2023
The manuscript presents a new irrigation parameterization applied in the regional climate model REMO2020-iMOVE. The structure of the paper is very clear, well organized, well presented and well written.The topic and the outcomes are very worth to be published, either the presented effects in the soil, surface and the atmosphere, and the validation against observations.
There are some minor comments that need to be addressed:
- Pg 6, line 170-171. Do this account for soil irrigation history? I mean, if you initialize the simulation the 15th, it accounts for the irrigation on the 14th?
- I would suggest transform the abbreviations in lowercase in italics, in order to differentiate them from the normal text. Ex: line 176 irrht, line 195 wsmx
- Line 196-197: Why is this relaxation applied?
- Pg 13 Line 288: please, define again the regions here, to make it easy the reading.
- Line 308: Is the soil moisture initialized by the reanalysis? Orthere is a surface model that is computed offline?
- Line 309-310: why is the irrigation applied during the day hours? I though irrigation is typically done in the evening, night or or early morning. Do you have data to reference the applied daytime hours of irrigation?
- Line 319: “The strongest cooling effect in the soil occurs…”
- Figure 8 caption. Please, explain it better, what is delta_m?
- Line 356: Bowen ration does not have units
- Figure 9: again Bowen ration does not have units
- Figure 9 captions: Instead of “Effects on surface..etc” please, explain what you compare, what is delta, etc.
- Line 367: First sentence should be rewritten: “The effects of irrigation propagate to the atmosphere through land-atmosphere interactions, in particular through fluxes.”
- 11: could you plot outliers less thick?
- Fig 11 caption. Please, explain what limits indicate the boxplots in the box, whiskers and outliers.
- Line 443: Why do you think there is the decrease in the daily accumulated precipitation in the irrigated simulation? Please, give an hypothesis, or a hint.
- Figure A1. Too small, please, make it horizontal
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-RC1 - AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Hisashi Sato, 10 Oct 2023
Dear authors,
I cannot contact referee #2, who is supposed to submit a review report. As we forced authors to consume much time for our review process on this manuscript, I selected an option to quickly provide a review (this email) of my own as a substitute for the referee's report.
I reread your manuscript and have not found any critical issue that inhibits publishing.
Referee #1 raised minor manuscript revisions, and I agree with him/her. Please address all items raised by referee#1 and submit the revised manuscript with a one-to-one response letter to the items.
Best,
Hisashi SATOCitation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-RC2 -
AC5: 'Reply on RC2', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Hisashi Sato, thank you for taking over the review and its positive feedback, as well as for the coordination of the whole process. We included all suggestions and corrections pointed out by Referree#1. Please see the attachments in our response to Referee#1.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC5
-
AC5: 'Reply on RC2', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Jozsef Szilagyi, 18 Jul 2023
I wonder if the authors are familiar with the findings of "Anthropogenic hydrometeorological changes at a regional scale: Observed irrigation-precipitation feedback (1979-2015) in Nebraska, USA" by Szilagyi and Franz in Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(1), 1-10. It would be interesting to see if the model can in theory reproduce this observation of local precipitation suppression by regional scale irrigation!
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CC1 -
AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Joszsef, thank you for your valuable hint. The results of your study are very interesting. We were not aware of it, but included it now in our paper. In our study, irrigation increases the monthly precipitation in all months except for August and September (Fig. 12). However, we simulated only one year. To be able to make clearer statements about precipitation-irrigation feedback a longer experiment and convection-permitting resolution are needed. Convective precipitation genesis depends on multiple, interconnected factors such as atmospheric stability, moisture content, temperature profiles, and wind patterns. The climatology and surrounding meteorological conditions are further influencing factors, which drive the develpment of irrigation effects. Our region is characterized by a Mediterranean climate as well as showing influences from the Alps, whereas Nebraska shows a continental climate. These regional differences are also shown eg. in Thierry et al. 2017, Lobell et. al 2009.
We added your study in our Discussion in the manuscript (line 570): “In our study irrigation effects on precipitation remain unclear and cannot reproduce the findings in observation studies showing a regional annual decrease of precipitation as found in Szilagyi and Franz (2020). However, irrigation effects on precipitation are indirect and influenced by many interconnected factors such as atmospheric stability, specific humidity, temperature, and wind patterns. These make a comparison difficult. To find clearer patterns of irrigation effects on precipitation, a longer experiment is necessary. Further, in our study, the convective precipitation is parameterized and the generating processes are not resolved. Therefore, we recommend using convection-permitting resolution for analyzing precipitation-irrigation feedback.”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC2
-
AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
-
CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Juan Antonio Añel, 03 Aug 2023
Dear authors,
Unfortunately, after checking your manuscript, it has come to our attention that it does not comply with our "Code and Data Policy".
https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/policies/code_and_data_policy.htmlYou do not provide a repository for the code of REMO2020-iMOVE, and you state that for it, an email address should be contacted for it. We can not accept this. You must publish the code of the new developments to the model and all the model code in one of the suitable repositories. Despite the request by the handling topical editor regarding this issue, and according to our records in the system, you did not address it.
Also, although, in general, you have done good work with the repositories for data, you fail to do it with the data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/. This webpage is not a long-term, trustable repository. Moreover, you provide little information about how to get the exact data you have used, as you only include a generic link to the home page. Therefore, we have to ask you to deposit the data that you have used in one of the acceptable repositories listed in our policy.
I note that your manuscript should not have been accepted in Discussions, given this lack of compliance with our policy. Therefore, the current situation with your manuscript is irregular, and if you do not fix the mentioned problems, we will have to reject your manuscript for publication in our journal.
Therefore, please, publish your code and data in one of the appropriate repositories, and reply to this comment with the relevant information (link and DOI) as soon as possible, as it should be available before the Discussions stage.
Also, you must include in a potentially reviewed version of your manuscript the modified 'Code and Data Availability' section with the DOI and links of the code and data repositories.
Please, when uploading the code, be aware that If you do not include a license, the code continues to be your property and can not be used by others. Therefore, when uploading the model's code to the repository, add a license. You could want to choose a free software/open-source (FLOSS) license. We recommend the GPLv3. You only need to include the file 'https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt' as LICENSE.txt with your code. Also, you can choose other options: GPLv2, Apache License, MIT License, etc.
Juan A. Añel
Geosci. Model Dev. Executive EditorCitation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CEC1 -
CEC2: 'Reply on CEC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 05 Sep 2023
For the records, this issue on code publication has been solved through exchanges with the authors outside Discussions.
Juan A. Añel
Geosci. Model Dev. Executive Editor
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-CEC2 -
AC1: 'Reply on CEC2', Christina Asmus, 11 Sep 2023
As authors dealing with the issue of restricted code, we followed the core principles of the GMD Data and Code Police paragraph 2 and provided the code of REMO2020-iMOVE to the handling editor and reviewers. Therefore, the code is available to ensure the most transparent review process possible.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC1
-
AC1: 'Reply on CEC2', Christina Asmus, 11 Sep 2023
-
AC3: 'Reply on CEC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Juan A. Añel, see our answers to your 2 main critical points below.
CEC: Also, although, in general, you have done good work with the repositories for data, you fail to do it with the data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/. This webpage is not a long-term, trustable repository. Moreover, you provide little information about how to get the exact data you have used, as you only include a generic link to the home page. Therefore, we have to ask you to deposit the data that you have used in one of the acceptable repositories listed in our policy.
AC: Thank you for pointing out this weakness in our study. We improved the description of the download of the observational data from the SCIA website and added the used observation data to our repository along with a copyright statement on zenodo after receiving the permission of ISPRA (who hosts the SCIA data).
In the revised manuscript, we added in line 601: "The scripts used to produce the results presented in this paper are archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7889384), as is the simulation data together with the observational data from SCIA (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867328) after we received their permission. Originally, we downloaded the observation data from http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/ using the API http://193.206.192.214/servertsutm/serietemporali accessed on 14/10/2022. The code can be cited as Asmus and Buntemeyer (2023), the data of this study can be cited as Asmus (2023).”
CEC: You do not provide a repository for the code of REMO2020-iMOVE, and you state that for it, an email address should be contacted for it. We can not accept this. You must publish the code of the new developments to the model and all the model code in one of the suitable repositories. Despite the request by the handling topical editor regarding this issue, and according to our records in the system, you did not address it.
AC: We provided the REMO2020-iMOVE code with the initial submission on request of the handling topic editor. Therefore, the code was accessible to the reviewers and fulfilled the GMD Code & Data policy for restricted codes. The code is restricted due to reasons beyond us authors, therefore, we cannot publish it. This issue was solved in a private discussion on 28/08/2023.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC3
-
CEC2: 'Reply on CEC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 05 Sep 2023
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Sep 2023
The manuscript presents a new irrigation parameterization applied in the regional climate model REMO2020-iMOVE. The structure of the paper is very clear, well organized, well presented and well written.The topic and the outcomes are very worth to be published, either the presented effects in the soil, surface and the atmosphere, and the validation against observations.
There are some minor comments that need to be addressed:
- Pg 6, line 170-171. Do this account for soil irrigation history? I mean, if you initialize the simulation the 15th, it accounts for the irrigation on the 14th?
- I would suggest transform the abbreviations in lowercase in italics, in order to differentiate them from the normal text. Ex: line 176 irrht, line 195 wsmx
- Line 196-197: Why is this relaxation applied?
- Pg 13 Line 288: please, define again the regions here, to make it easy the reading.
- Line 308: Is the soil moisture initialized by the reanalysis? Orthere is a surface model that is computed offline?
- Line 309-310: why is the irrigation applied during the day hours? I though irrigation is typically done in the evening, night or or early morning. Do you have data to reference the applied daytime hours of irrigation?
- Line 319: “The strongest cooling effect in the soil occurs…”
- Figure 8 caption. Please, explain it better, what is delta_m?
- Line 356: Bowen ration does not have units
- Figure 9: again Bowen ration does not have units
- Figure 9 captions: Instead of “Effects on surface..etc” please, explain what you compare, what is delta, etc.
- Line 367: First sentence should be rewritten: “The effects of irrigation propagate to the atmosphere through land-atmosphere interactions, in particular through fluxes.”
- 11: could you plot outliers less thick?
- Fig 11 caption. Please, explain what limits indicate the boxplots in the box, whiskers and outliers.
- Line 443: Why do you think there is the decrease in the daily accumulated precipitation in the irrigated simulation? Please, give an hypothesis, or a hint.
- Figure A1. Too small, please, make it horizontal
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-RC1 - AC4: 'Reply on RC1', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-890', Hisashi Sato, 10 Oct 2023
Dear authors,
I cannot contact referee #2, who is supposed to submit a review report. As we forced authors to consume much time for our review process on this manuscript, I selected an option to quickly provide a review (this email) of my own as a substitute for the referee's report.
I reread your manuscript and have not found any critical issue that inhibits publishing.
Referee #1 raised minor manuscript revisions, and I agree with him/her. Please address all items raised by referee#1 and submit the revised manuscript with a one-to-one response letter to the items.
Best,
Hisashi SATOCitation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-RC2 -
AC5: 'Reply on RC2', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Dear Hisashi Sato, thank you for taking over the review and its positive feedback, as well as for the coordination of the whole process. We included all suggestions and corrections pointed out by Referree#1. Please see the attachments in our response to Referee#1.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-890-AC5
-
AC5: 'Reply on RC2', Christina Asmus, 18 Oct 2023
Peer review completion
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Christina Asmus et al.
Data sets
Data from: Modeling and evaluating the effects of irrigation on land-atmosphere interaction in South-West Europe with the regional climate model REMO2020-iMOVE using a newly developed parameterization Christina Asmus https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867328
Christina Asmus et al.
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Cited
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(11526 KB) - Metadata XML