Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-620
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-620
05 Apr 2023
 | 05 Apr 2023

Estimating nitrogen and sulfur deposition across China during 2005–2020 based on multiple statistical models

Kaiyue Zhou, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Mingrui Ma, Xuejun Liu, and Yu Zhao

Abstract. Due to the rapid development of industrialization and substantial economy, China has become one of the global hotspots of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition following Europe and the USA. Here, we developed a dataset with full coverage of N and S deposition from 2005 to 2020, with multiple statistical models that combine ground-level observations, chemistry transport simulations, satellite-derived vertical columns, and meteorological and geographic variables. Based on the newly developed random forest method, the multi-year averages of dry deposition of OXN, RDN and S in China were estimated at 10.4, 14.4 and 16.7 kg N/S ha−1 yr−1, and the analogous numbers for total deposition were respectively 15.2, 20.2 and 25.9 kg N/S ha−1 yr−1 when wet deposition estimated previously with a GAM model was included. The Rdry/wet of N stabilized in earlier years and then gradually increased especially for RDN, while that of S declined for over ten years and then slightly increased. RRDN/OXN was estimated to be larger than 1 for the whole research period and clearly larger than that of the USA and Europe, with a continuous decline from 2005 to 2011 and a more prominent rebound afterwards. Compared with the USA and Europe, a more prominent lagging response of OXN and S deposition to precursor emission abatement was found in China. The OXN dry deposition presented a descending gradient from east to west, while the S dry deposition a descending gradient from north to south. After 2012, the OXN and S deposition in eastern China declined faster than the west, attributable to stricter emission controls. Positive correlation was found between regional deposition and emissions, while smaller deposition to emission ratios (D/E) existed in developed eastern China with more intensive human activities.

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

02 Aug 2023
Estimating nitrogen and sulfur deposition across China during 2005 to 2020 based on multiple statistical models
Kaiyue Zhou, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Mingrui Ma, Xuejun Liu, and Yu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8531–8551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023, 2023
Short summary

Kaiyue Zhou et al.

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Anonymous Referee #1, 28 Apr 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Lei Duan, 01 May 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Lei Duan, 02 May 2023
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Anonymous Referee #3, 09 May 2023
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC3', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
    • AC5: 'Reply on RC3', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Anonymous Referee #1, 28 Apr 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Lei Duan, 01 May 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on CC1', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Lei Duan, 02 May 2023
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-620', Anonymous Referee #3, 09 May 2023
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC3', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023
    • AC5: 'Reply on RC3', Yu Zhao, 29 Jun 2023

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Yu Zhao on behalf of the Authors (29 Jun 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (30 Jun 2023) by Leiming Zhang
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (04 Jul 2023)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (05 Jul 2023)
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (05 Jul 2023) by Leiming Zhang
AR by Yu Zhao on behalf of the Authors (05 Jul 2023)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

02 Aug 2023
Estimating nitrogen and sulfur deposition across China during 2005 to 2020 based on multiple statistical models
Kaiyue Zhou, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Mingrui Ma, Xuejun Liu, and Yu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8531–8551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023, 2023
Short summary

Kaiyue Zhou et al.

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Short summary
We developed a dataset of long-term (2005–2020) variabilities of China’s nitrogen and sulfur deposition, with multiple statistical models that combine available observations and chemistry transport modeling. We demonstrated the strong impact of human activities and national pollution control actions on the spatiotemporal changes in deposition, and indicated a relatively small benefit of emission abatement on deposition (and thereby ecological risk) for China compared to Europe and the USA.