Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-371
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-371
27 Mar 2023
 | 27 Mar 2023

A generic algorithm to automatically classify urban fabric according to the Local Climate Zone system: implementation in GeoClimate 0.0.1 and application to French cities

Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold

Abstract. Geographical features may have a considerable effect on local climate. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) system proposed by Stewart and Oke (2012) is nowadays seen as a standard referential to classify any zone according to a set of urban canopy parameters. While many methods already exist to map the LCZ, only few tools are openly and freely available. This manuscript presents the algorithm implemented in the GeoClimate software to identify the LCZ of any place in the world based on vector data. Seven types of information are needed as input: building footprint, road and rail networks, water, vegetation and impervious surfaces. First the territory is partitioned into Reference Spatial Units (RSU) using the road and rail network as well as the boundaries of large vegetation and water patches. Then 14 urban canopy parameters are calculated for each RSU. Their values are used to classify each unit to a given LCZ type according to a set of rules. GeoClimate can automatically prepare the inputs and calculate the LCZ for two datasets: OpenStreetMap (OSM - available worldwide) and the BD Topo v2.2 (BDT - a French dataset produced by the national mapping agency). The LCZ are calculated for 22 French communes using these two datasets in order to evaluate the effect of the dataset on the results. About 55 % of all areas has obtained the same LCZ type with large differences when differentiating this result by city (from 30 % to 82 %). The agreement is good for large patches of forest and water as well as for compact mid-rise and open low-rise LCZ types. It is lower for open mid-rise, open high-rise mainly due to height underestimation for OSM buildings located in open areas. By its simplicity of use, Geoclimate has a great potential for new collaboration in the LCZ field. The software (and its source code) used to produce the LCZ data is freely available at https://zenodo.org/record/6372337, the scripts and data used for the purpose of this manuscript can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7687911 and are based on the R package available at https://zenodo.org/record/7646866.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

13 Mar 2024
A generic algorithm to automatically classify urban fabric according to the local climate zone system: implementation in GeoClimate 0.0.1 and application to French cities
Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2077–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2077-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2077-2024, 2024
Short summary
Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-371', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 May 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jérémy Bernard, 04 May 2023
      • RC3: 'Reply on AC1', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 May 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-371', Jan Geletic, 10 May 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jérémy Bernard, 17 May 2023
      • RC4: 'Reply on AC2', Jan Geletic, 18 May 2023
        • AC3: 'Reply on RC4', Jérémy Bernard, 24 May 2023

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-371', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 May 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jérémy Bernard, 04 May 2023
      • RC3: 'Reply on AC1', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 May 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-371', Jan Geletic, 10 May 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jérémy Bernard, 17 May 2023
      • RC4: 'Reply on AC2', Jan Geletic, 18 May 2023
        • AC3: 'Reply on RC4', Jérémy Bernard, 24 May 2023

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Jérémy Bernard on behalf of the Authors (18 Jun 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (03 Jul 2023) by Le Yu
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (27 Jul 2023)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (27 Jul 2023) by Le Yu
AR by Jérémy Bernard on behalf of the Authors (24 Aug 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (06 Sep 2023) by Le Yu
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (10 Sep 2023)
RR by J.-F. Müller (22 Jan 2024)
ED: Publish as is (30 Jan 2024) by Le Yu
AR by Jérémy Bernard on behalf of the Authors (01 Feb 2024)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

13 Mar 2024
A generic algorithm to automatically classify urban fabric according to the local climate zone system: implementation in GeoClimate 0.0.1 and application to French cities
Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2077–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2077-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2077-2024, 2024
Short summary
Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold

Data sets

GeoClimate 0.0.1 LCZ calculation: Code and data Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, Élisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold, and François Leconte https://zenodo.org/record/7687911

Model code and software

GeoClimate: a Geospatial processing toolbox for environmental and climate studies Erwan Bocher, Jérémy Bernard, Élisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold, François Leconte, Gwendall Petit, Sylvain Palominos, and Camille Noûs https://zenodo.org/record/6372337

lczexplore : an R package to compare different local climate zone classifications on same geographical areas Matthieu Gousseff https://zenodo.org/record/7646866

Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Matthieu Gousseff, François Leconte, and Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold

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Short summary
Geographical features may have a considerable effect on local climate. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) system proposed by Stewart and Oke (2012) is nowadays seen as a standard referential to classify any zone according to a set of geographic indicators. While many methods already exist to map the LCZ, only few tools are openly and freely available. This manuscript presents the algorithm implemented in the GeoClimate software to identify the LCZ of any place in the world based on OpenStreetMap data.