the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 24 Oct 2023
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to deep Earth
Abstract. Water dissolved in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) can be transported to deep regions of the Earth through subducting slabs, thereby significantly influencing the physicochemical properties of deep Earth materials and impacting dynamic processes in the deep Earth. Stishovite, a prominent mineral found in subducting slabs, remains stable at mantle conditions ranging from pressure of 9–50 GPa and can incorporate varying amounts of water (H+, OH−, and H2O) within its crystal structure. Consequently, stishovite plays a crucial role in transporting water into deep Earth through subducting slabs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning water (hydrogen) solubility in stishovite. The key factors that govern water solubility in stishovite are summarized as temperature, pressure, water fugacity and aluminum content. Combined with published results on the dependence of water solubility on the aforementioned parameters, this paper proposes a new equation for water solubility in Al-bearing stishovite can be described by the relationship. Calculation results based on this equation suggest that stishovite may effectively absorb water released from processes such as hydrous mineral breakdown, dehydration reactions, and volume reduction, ultimately contributing to the presence of a water-rich transition zone.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
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- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Oct 2023
Please find my comments in the supplementary PDF file.
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Nov 2023
The work reviews the hydrogen solubility in SiO2 stishovite and the implication behind it. I like to read it and I think the authors took in consideration all the relevant literature to write down such review. I also liked that they also proposed a new possible equation for calculating the solubility of hydrogen in stishovite. The work is written very well and the science is sound. So I recommend to publish it with only very minor corrections, which are reported here below.
Line 34-36. Well, here I would definitively cite Gu et al. (2022) Nature Geoscience, who showed that coesite (former stishovite) was present within a natural super-deep diamond formed at the boundary between the transition zone and the lower mantle.
Line 51. Please use the accepted nomenclature for space groups (so the Bravais lattice, and the glade and mirror planes must be reported in Italic)
Line 215. “Gavrilenko (2008)” instead of “Gavrilenko, 2008 showed…”
I have doubled checked the references and I only found the following minor issues:
- Bolfan-Casanova et al., 2000 (in Table 1) is mentioned in the text but is missing in the reference list
- Stishov and Popova (1961) is not quoted in the reference list
- Yin and Kang, 2023 check with the journal if this can be reported
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2316-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
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RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #3, 12 Nov 2023
This manuscript delivers a comprehensive review of the controlling factors and incorporation mechanism influencing water solubility in stishovite. Furthermore, building on published findings, it introduces a novel equation for estimating water solubility in Al-bearing stishovite. The manuscript is generally well-structured, and the presented results are robust. The discussion regarding the role of water in stishovite contributing to the presence of a water-rich transition zone appears sound. Therefore, I recommend its publication in Solid Earth after some revisions.
I have only the following minor concerns and suggestions on the presentation of results and interpretations.
- Page 2, line 47. “Under average geothermal gradient”. The average geothermal gradient mentioned here is often associated with specific geological settings. I assume the authors are referring to the temperature profile along the surface of oceanic subducting slab. It needs clarification, and the different types of subduction zones (cold subduction, hot subduction) should be labeled on Figure 3. Another simpler approach could be to mark the geotherms of 5 degrees Celsius/km, 10 degrees Celsius/km, and 15 degrees Celsius/km, respectively, on Figure 3.
- Page 3. Figure 2. The data source for the red geotherm curve needs to be indicated.
- Page 3. Line 64. “only found”. It may not be accurate. Yang J.S. et al. (2007, Geology, doi: 10.1130/G23766A.1) identified polycrystalline coesite as a potential pseudomorphic replacement of stishovite in Tibetan chromitites. Therefore, it is preferable to omit the word "only."
- Page 10. Figure 6. Here, the mantle transition zone is only associated with pressure. In reality, the temperature in the mantle transition zone may be around 1400-1600 degrees Celsius (Ito & Katsura, GRL, 1989), exceeding the temperature range calculated in the figure. If you want to correspond to the temperature and pressure of the subducting slabs in the mantle transition zone depths, it would be necessary to separately label the temperature and pressure ranges for different types (cold and hot) of subducting slabs.
- Page 10. Line 224. “along the geotherm”. The term "geotherm" here needs clarification to specify what exactly is meant by "geotherm" (mantle geotherm or subduction zone geotherm).
- Page 11. Figure 7. In Zheng et al. (2016), four distinct geotherms (ultracold subduction, cold subduction, warm subduction, and hot subduction) are identified. It is essential to specify which geotherm was employed and provide a rationale for the choice. Considering the comprehensive coverage, it might be more beneficial to utilize the full range of geotherms to encompass variations.
- The language expression in this paper is overall very good, but there are still some places that may need modification. I have made some annotated suggestions in the attached PDF file for the authors' reference.
- AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Oct 2023
Please find my comments in the supplementary PDF file.
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Nov 2023
The work reviews the hydrogen solubility in SiO2 stishovite and the implication behind it. I like to read it and I think the authors took in consideration all the relevant literature to write down such review. I also liked that they also proposed a new possible equation for calculating the solubility of hydrogen in stishovite. The work is written very well and the science is sound. So I recommend to publish it with only very minor corrections, which are reported here below.
Line 34-36. Well, here I would definitively cite Gu et al. (2022) Nature Geoscience, who showed that coesite (former stishovite) was present within a natural super-deep diamond formed at the boundary between the transition zone and the lower mantle.
Line 51. Please use the accepted nomenclature for space groups (so the Bravais lattice, and the glade and mirror planes must be reported in Italic)
Line 215. “Gavrilenko (2008)” instead of “Gavrilenko, 2008 showed…”
I have doubled checked the references and I only found the following minor issues:
- Bolfan-Casanova et al., 2000 (in Table 1) is mentioned in the text but is missing in the reference list
- Stishov and Popova (1961) is not quoted in the reference list
- Yin and Kang, 2023 check with the journal if this can be reported
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2316-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
-
RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2316', Anonymous Referee #3, 12 Nov 2023
This manuscript delivers a comprehensive review of the controlling factors and incorporation mechanism influencing water solubility in stishovite. Furthermore, building on published findings, it introduces a novel equation for estimating water solubility in Al-bearing stishovite. The manuscript is generally well-structured, and the presented results are robust. The discussion regarding the role of water in stishovite contributing to the presence of a water-rich transition zone appears sound. Therefore, I recommend its publication in Solid Earth after some revisions.
I have only the following minor concerns and suggestions on the presentation of results and interpretations.
- Page 2, line 47. “Under average geothermal gradient”. The average geothermal gradient mentioned here is often associated with specific geological settings. I assume the authors are referring to the temperature profile along the surface of oceanic subducting slab. It needs clarification, and the different types of subduction zones (cold subduction, hot subduction) should be labeled on Figure 3. Another simpler approach could be to mark the geotherms of 5 degrees Celsius/km, 10 degrees Celsius/km, and 15 degrees Celsius/km, respectively, on Figure 3.
- Page 3. Figure 2. The data source for the red geotherm curve needs to be indicated.
- Page 3. Line 64. “only found”. It may not be accurate. Yang J.S. et al. (2007, Geology, doi: 10.1130/G23766A.1) identified polycrystalline coesite as a potential pseudomorphic replacement of stishovite in Tibetan chromitites. Therefore, it is preferable to omit the word "only."
- Page 10. Figure 6. Here, the mantle transition zone is only associated with pressure. In reality, the temperature in the mantle transition zone may be around 1400-1600 degrees Celsius (Ito & Katsura, GRL, 1989), exceeding the temperature range calculated in the figure. If you want to correspond to the temperature and pressure of the subducting slabs in the mantle transition zone depths, it would be necessary to separately label the temperature and pressure ranges for different types (cold and hot) of subducting slabs.
- Page 10. Line 224. “along the geotherm”. The term "geotherm" here needs clarification to specify what exactly is meant by "geotherm" (mantle geotherm or subduction zone geotherm).
- Page 11. Figure 7. In Zheng et al. (2016), four distinct geotherms (ultracold subduction, cold subduction, warm subduction, and hot subduction) are identified. It is essential to specify which geotherm was employed and provide a rationale for the choice. Considering the comprehensive coverage, it might be more beneficial to utilize the full range of geotherms to encompass variations.
- The language expression in this paper is overall very good, but there are still some places that may need modification. I have made some annotated suggestions in the attached PDF file for the authors' reference.
- AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Lei Kang, 18 Dec 2023
Peer review completion
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
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Mengdan Chen
Changxin Yin
Danling Chen
Long Tian
Liang Liu
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(1233 KB) - Metadata XML