the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 12 Sep 2023
Parent material influences soil abiotic N2O production from chemical oxidation of hydroxylamine
Abstract. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and nitrite (NO2-) represent pivotal nitrification intermediates that substantially govern soil abiotic N2O production. Yet, the intricate factors influencing the abiotic formation of N2O from chemical reactions involving NH2OH and NO2- remain uncertain. This study was designed to reveal the impacts of land use type and parent material on soil abiotic N2O production in response to NH2OH and NO2- amendments. Our investigation revealed that land use type exerted no significant influence on abiotic production of N2O with NH2OH and NO2- addition. Nevertheless, the parent material exhibited a notable (P < 0.01) effect on N2O production intrigued by NH2OH addition. Specifically, a markedly higher abiotic N2O production from NH2OH was observed in soils developed from Quaternary red clay than those derived from granite. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that the soils originating from Quaternary red clay displayed significantly higher manganese (Mn) content in comparison to those originating from granite. This finding consistently aligns with the close correlation between the abiotic N2O production via chemical oxidation of NH2OH and Mn content of soil. Furthermore, the site preference (SP) values for N2O arising from NH2OH and NO2- addition were 25–30 ‰ and around 20 ‰, respectively, aligning with the expected ranges characterizing ammonia oxidation and chemodenitrification processes. Our findings provide valuable insight into the distinct influence of parent material on soil abiotic N2O production via chemical oxidation of NH2OH, contributing to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and highlight the significance of soil factors in regulating abiotic N2O production within soil ecosystems.
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Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #1, 26 Oct 2023
The manuscript investigated the impacts of parent material and land use type on abiotic N2O production in fifteen acidic soils. The authors found that parent material had a significant influence on abiotic N2O production with NH2OH addition. Neither parent material nor land use type exerted a significant impact on the conversion of nitrite to N2O. This study used a cut-edge N2O site preference isotope technique and helped to understand the influence of the two less-discussed factors on abiotic N2O emission in soils. The topic of this manuscript falls well within the scope of SOIL. Some of the results are novel and should be interesting to readers. However, I found some minor issues in the manuscript and a few minor revisions are listed below. If the following problems are well-addressed, I will recommend accepting this manuscript for publication.
- The TITLE does not contain another factor—land use type, except parent material.
- Relevant experiment setup needs to be supplemented in ABSTRACT. And the results listed in this part should be refined.
- The hypotheses proposed in the INTRODUCTION are not that clear, thus needing refinement.
- On page 6, MATERIALS AND METHODS, sampling collection needs to be described with more details, i.g. where were the fifteen soil samples collected from?
- More information is needed to illustrate the experimental setup and the details of the microcosm incubation experiment.
- The CHEMICAL ANALYSIS should be put afterward the experimental setup in a separate paragraph.
- L197, to be more precise, the expression of “the conversion ratios of NH2OH to N2O” should be revised to “the conversion ratios of NH2OH-N to N2O-N”.
- L209, a mistake is made here that Fe content was positively correlated to N2O emission according to Figure 5.
- L217, the reason for the selection of the four sampling sites should be given.
- Fig5, the coefficient 0.85 represents a significance under P< 0.01, and thus two asterisks should be noted here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Shurong Liu, 06 Nov 2023
Dear Reviewer:
We appreciate it very much for this careful review and good suggestion. We have tried our best to improve the manuscript and have modified some mistakes.
1. As Reviewer suggested the two discussed factors should better be involved in the title, however, according to our findings, the land use type did not exert a significant influence on all cases of the treatments. Therefore, we highlighted the influence of parent material, which had a significant influence on the chemical conversion of hydroxylamine to form N2 Our title summarized the main findings of our research.
2. We agree with you that the abstract should be written in a more systematic mode, and we will refine the abstract.
3. We will reorganize the sentences and make them more understandable.
4. More details will be given in the repaired manuscript.
5-9. These minor problems will be amended later.
10. We are sorry for our negligence of the wrong annotation in the figure and we will correct it.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-AC1
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Nov 2023
This paper reports results of abiotic and biotic N2O formation after addition of NH2OH and NO2- to non-sterile and sterile soils from five different sampling locations in two provinces (Hunan and Hubei) of China. The soils had developed from three different parent materials (granite, Quaternary red clay, Late Pleistocene sediments). The soils were sampled, air-dried, sieved to 2 mm and stored at room temperature prior to the laboratory incubations. The focus of this study was to analyze the effects of the different physico-chemical properties of the soils and of land-use types on abiotic N2O formation after addition of either hydroxylamine or nitrite, both being intermediates of nitrification, and the latter being also an intermediate of denitrification. The authors found a strong dependency of abiotic N2O formation on parent material, which in turn had a strong influence on the physico-chemical properties of the respective soils. Conversion ratios of added N substrates to N2O ranged from 7.2 to 50.9% for NH2OH, and from 0.9 to 11.6% for NO2-, with the highest values for the soils from Quaternary red clay. Those soils also exhibited the highest fraction of abiotic reactions contributing to N2O formation from both N substrates.
Although the general mechanisms of abiotic reactions leading to N2O formation from reactive nitrification intermediates are well known, this work adds some novel aspects to the fields, i.e., the indirect influence of parent material via soil properties on abiotic N2O formation from NH2OH and NO2-. Therefore, this work is in principle in the scope of SOIL and potentially interesting for the readers. However, there are a number of comments and questions that need to be addressed before the paper can become acceptable for publication. Among the most important ones are the following:
- What was the rationale to sample soils at the named five locations? What were the selection criteria? Are they representative for larger regions of China or even south/east Asia?
- Which implications does the application of unrealistically high amounts of reactive N intermediates to the soil have for the generalizability or transferability of results to natural conditions in soils? How are the conversion ratios and abiotic formation fractions biased by these unnaturally high concentrations?
- The novelty of the results should be pointed out more. So far, there are a lot of statements in the discussion like “in line with”, “most of the results fall in the range of earlier reports”, etc.
More specific comments and technical corrections/suggestions can be found in the annotated manuscript. The English should be improved either by a native speaker, or AI-assisted language editing.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2033/egusphere-2023-2033-AC2-supplement.pdf
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RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Nov 2023
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
This is a manuscript with modification marks, and the highlighted areas indicate the results of the modifications; and the blue text indicated the supplemental information.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-AC3
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #1, 26 Oct 2023
The manuscript investigated the impacts of parent material and land use type on abiotic N2O production in fifteen acidic soils. The authors found that parent material had a significant influence on abiotic N2O production with NH2OH addition. Neither parent material nor land use type exerted a significant impact on the conversion of nitrite to N2O. This study used a cut-edge N2O site preference isotope technique and helped to understand the influence of the two less-discussed factors on abiotic N2O emission in soils. The topic of this manuscript falls well within the scope of SOIL. Some of the results are novel and should be interesting to readers. However, I found some minor issues in the manuscript and a few minor revisions are listed below. If the following problems are well-addressed, I will recommend accepting this manuscript for publication.
- The TITLE does not contain another factor—land use type, except parent material.
- Relevant experiment setup needs to be supplemented in ABSTRACT. And the results listed in this part should be refined.
- The hypotheses proposed in the INTRODUCTION are not that clear, thus needing refinement.
- On page 6, MATERIALS AND METHODS, sampling collection needs to be described with more details, i.g. where were the fifteen soil samples collected from?
- More information is needed to illustrate the experimental setup and the details of the microcosm incubation experiment.
- The CHEMICAL ANALYSIS should be put afterward the experimental setup in a separate paragraph.
- L197, to be more precise, the expression of “the conversion ratios of NH2OH to N2O” should be revised to “the conversion ratios of NH2OH-N to N2O-N”.
- L209, a mistake is made here that Fe content was positively correlated to N2O emission according to Figure 5.
- L217, the reason for the selection of the four sampling sites should be given.
- Fig5, the coefficient 0.85 represents a significance under P< 0.01, and thus two asterisks should be noted here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Shurong Liu, 06 Nov 2023
Dear Reviewer:
We appreciate it very much for this careful review and good suggestion. We have tried our best to improve the manuscript and have modified some mistakes.
1. As Reviewer suggested the two discussed factors should better be involved in the title, however, according to our findings, the land use type did not exert a significant influence on all cases of the treatments. Therefore, we highlighted the influence of parent material, which had a significant influence on the chemical conversion of hydroxylamine to form N2 Our title summarized the main findings of our research.
2. We agree with you that the abstract should be written in a more systematic mode, and we will refine the abstract.
3. We will reorganize the sentences and make them more understandable.
4. More details will be given in the repaired manuscript.
5-9. These minor problems will be amended later.
10. We are sorry for our negligence of the wrong annotation in the figure and we will correct it.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-AC1
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Nov 2023
This paper reports results of abiotic and biotic N2O formation after addition of NH2OH and NO2- to non-sterile and sterile soils from five different sampling locations in two provinces (Hunan and Hubei) of China. The soils had developed from three different parent materials (granite, Quaternary red clay, Late Pleistocene sediments). The soils were sampled, air-dried, sieved to 2 mm and stored at room temperature prior to the laboratory incubations. The focus of this study was to analyze the effects of the different physico-chemical properties of the soils and of land-use types on abiotic N2O formation after addition of either hydroxylamine or nitrite, both being intermediates of nitrification, and the latter being also an intermediate of denitrification. The authors found a strong dependency of abiotic N2O formation on parent material, which in turn had a strong influence on the physico-chemical properties of the respective soils. Conversion ratios of added N substrates to N2O ranged from 7.2 to 50.9% for NH2OH, and from 0.9 to 11.6% for NO2-, with the highest values for the soils from Quaternary red clay. Those soils also exhibited the highest fraction of abiotic reactions contributing to N2O formation from both N substrates.
Although the general mechanisms of abiotic reactions leading to N2O formation from reactive nitrification intermediates are well known, this work adds some novel aspects to the fields, i.e., the indirect influence of parent material via soil properties on abiotic N2O formation from NH2OH and NO2-. Therefore, this work is in principle in the scope of SOIL and potentially interesting for the readers. However, there are a number of comments and questions that need to be addressed before the paper can become acceptable for publication. Among the most important ones are the following:
- What was the rationale to sample soils at the named five locations? What were the selection criteria? Are they representative for larger regions of China or even south/east Asia?
- Which implications does the application of unrealistically high amounts of reactive N intermediates to the soil have for the generalizability or transferability of results to natural conditions in soils? How are the conversion ratios and abiotic formation fractions biased by these unnaturally high concentrations?
- The novelty of the results should be pointed out more. So far, there are a lot of statements in the discussion like “in line with”, “most of the results fall in the range of earlier reports”, etc.
More specific comments and technical corrections/suggestions can be found in the annotated manuscript. The English should be improved either by a native speaker, or AI-assisted language editing.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2033/egusphere-2023-2033-AC2-supplement.pdf
-
RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-2033', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Nov 2023
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
This is a manuscript with modification marks, and the highlighted areas indicate the results of the modifications; and the blue text indicated the supplemental information.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2033-AC3
-
AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Shurong Liu, 01 Dec 2023
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