Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1336
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1336
30 Jun 2023
 | 30 Jun 2023

Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: Emission, transport, and source apportionment

Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya

Abstract. Trace metals in aerosol particles impact ocean biogeochemistry. Therefore, semi-continuous measurements of the elemental composition of fine mode (PM2.5) aerosols were conducted using an automated X-ray fluorescence analyzer on a remote island of Japan during the spring of 2018. The temporal variations of mass concentrations of geochemically important elements for this period, such as S, Pb, Cu, Si, and Fe, and their relationships with emission tracers carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC), were reported. The Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemical Transport (IMPACT) model was used to evaluate the source apportionment of these components and was evaluated in terms of emissions and wet removal processes. Pb and Cu were found to have originated mainly from anthropogenic sources (98 % and 93 % on average, respectively) over the East Asian continent. A positive correlation of Pb and Cu with BC and CO was found during the study period, indicating that the emission sources of these metals share the region where the large CO (and BC) emission sources are located. The air masses with minimized impacts of the wet removal during the transport were extracted to elucidate the emission ratio of Pb and Cu to CO, which were, for the first time, evaluated as 152.7 and 63.1 µg g-1, respectively, during the spring of 2018 in the East Asian outflow. The analysis of the tagged tracer simulations by the IMPACT model confirmed that BC and Si can be used as tracers for anthropogenic and dust emissions, respectively, during the observation period. The source apportionment of Fe and Mn in PM2.5 aerosols was conducted using Si and BC tracers, which revealed that the anthropogenic contribution was 17 % and 44 % on average, respectively. Based on the air mass origins of Fe and Mn, their anthropogenic fraction varied from 2 % to 29 % and 9 % to 68 %, respectively, during the high PM2.5 concentration periods. However, despite minor anthropogenic contributions of Fe, they can adversely affect human health and ocean biogeochemistry owing to their higher water solubility. The modeled BC, Pb, Cu, and Fe were evaluated by separately diagnosing their emission and transport. Ratios of modeled to observed concentrations for these components were analyzed in terms of the accumulated precipitation along the transport from the East Asian continent. The current model simulations were found to overestimate the emissions (based on Community Emissions Data System, CEDS v2021-02-05) of BC by 44 % and underestimate Cu by 45 %, anthropogenic Fe by 28 % in East Asia, and the wet deposition rates for BC and Pb. Overall, Cu in East Asia exhibited a different nature from BC and Pb in terms of emission sources and wet removal.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

27 Nov 2023
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1336', Anonymous Referee #1, 31 Jul 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Takuma Miyakawa, 06 Oct 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1336', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Aug 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Takuma Miyakawa, 06 Oct 2023

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1336', Anonymous Referee #1, 31 Jul 2023
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Takuma Miyakawa, 06 Oct 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1336', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Aug 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Takuma Miyakawa, 06 Oct 2023

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Takuma Miyakawa on behalf of the Authors (06 Oct 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (13 Oct 2023) by Manabu Shiraiwa
AR by Takuma Miyakawa on behalf of the Authors (16 Oct 2023)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

27 Nov 2023
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya

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Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.