Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-675
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-675
02 Sep 2022
 | 02 Sep 2022

Automating the Analysis of Hailstone Layers

Joshua Stephen Soderholm and Matthew Robert Kumjian

Abstract. The layered structures inside hailstones provide a direct indication of their shape and properties at various stages during growth. Given the myriad of different trajectories that can exist, and the sensitivity of rime deposit type to environmental conditions, it must be expected that many different perturbations of hailstone properties occur within a single hailstorm; however, some commonalities are likely in the shared early stages of growth, for hailstones of similar size (especially those that grow along similar trajectories) and final growth near the melting level. It remains challenging to extract this information from a large sample of hailstones because of the time required to prepare cross sections and accurately measure individual layers. To reduce the labour and potential errors introduced by manual analysis of hailstones, an automated method for measuring layers from cross section photographs is introduced and applied to a set of hailstones collected in Melbourne, Australia. This work is motivated by new hail growth simulation tools that model the growth of layers within individual hailstones, for which accurate measurements of observed hailstone cross sections can be applied as validation. A first look at this new type of evaluation for hail growth simulations is demonstrated.

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

07 Feb 2023
Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
Joshua S. Soderholm and Matthew R. Kumjian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 695–706, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-695-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-695-2023, 2023
Short summary

Joshua Stephen Soderholm and Matthew Robert Kumjian

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Andrew Heymsfield, 23 Sep 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Joshua Soderholm, 07 Dec 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Jacob Carlin, 13 Oct 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Joshua Soderholm, 07 Dec 2022
  • AC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Joshua Soderholm, 15 Dec 2022

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Andrew Heymsfield, 23 Sep 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Joshua Soderholm, 07 Dec 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Jacob Carlin, 13 Oct 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Joshua Soderholm, 07 Dec 2022
  • AC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-675', Joshua Soderholm, 15 Dec 2022

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Joshua Soderholm on behalf of the Authors (08 Dec 2022)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (20 Dec 2022) by Rebecca Washenfelder
AR by Joshua Soderholm on behalf of the Authors (31 Dec 2022)

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

07 Feb 2023
Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
Joshua S. Soderholm and Matthew R. Kumjian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 695–706, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-695-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-695-2023, 2023
Short summary

Joshua Stephen Soderholm and Matthew Robert Kumjian

Data sets

Automating the Analysis of Hailstone Layers Joshua Soderholm https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831306

Model code and software

Hail Cross Section Code Joshua Soderholm https://github.com/joshua-wx/hail_xsection

Joshua Stephen Soderholm and Matthew Robert Kumjian

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Short summary
Hailstones often exhibit opaque and clear ice layers that have an onion-like appearance. These layers are record of the conditions during growth and can be simulated by hail growth models. A new technique for automating the measurement of these layers from hail cross sections is demonstrated. This technique is applied to a collection of hailstones from Melbourne, Australia to understand their growth evolution and a first look at evaluating a hail growth model is demonstrated.