the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 06 May 2022
Planktonic cnidarian responses to contrasting thermohaline and circulation seasonal scenarios in a tropical western boundary current system
Abstract. In western boundary current systems (WBCS), strong currents flow coastward carrying oceanic water masses and their associated planktonic fauna. Variation in the intensity of these currents and in the continental runoff may affect the dynamic interplay between oceanic and coastal communities. In addition, changes in the continental runoff and the thermohaline structure modulate the primary production, adding complexity to the dynamics of these oligotrophic systems. These dynamics likely shape the planktonic cnidarian communities. To further understand such relationships, we used a comprehensive dataset encompassing samples collected above the shelf, slope and around oceanic seamounts and islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge in the Western Tropical South Atlantic, in two seasons characterized by distinct thermohaline structure and circulation patterns. Results show that in this WBCS, coastward currents spread oceanic waters and their associated cnidarian species over the continental shelf. However, while both costal and oceanic communities co-occur when the continental runoff is notable, oceanic species dominate almost the entire shelf during the dry season characterized by a stronger boundary current intensity. We also conclude that when the mixed-layer depth and associated nutricline is shallower, the enhanced primary productivity supports larger populations of planktonic cnidarian species through a bottom-up control.
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-216', Marco Corrales, 25 Jun 2022
General comments:
This study is a follow up of Tosetto et al. (2021), in which the authors present the pelagic cnidarian distribution obtained in the ABRACOS 1 survey. In this new manuscript, the authors compare their previously published data (austral spring) with the new, unpublished data from ABRACOS 2 (austral autumn). In this instance, and different from Tosetto et al. (2021), they include water column structure and surface current velocities to address three hypothesis: (1): increases in continental runoff and (2) reduction of western boundary current intensity increase the presence of oceanic cnidarian species over the shelf and (3) a decrease in mixed layer depth is associated to high abundances of planktonic cnidarians.
Overall, the paper is very interesting as it shows how pelagic cnidarian communities are closely linked to different water masses and follow the distinction between the west Brazilian continental shelf, the transition zone, and the south equatorial current system, however, more appropriate data analysis to formally address the hypothesis mentioned above will strengthen the manuscript.
For hypothesis 1: can the presence of continental runoff in each sampling station be inferred from surface salinity values or other physical variables? In figure 3, panel d, one can see the large variability in salinity values during autumn compared to spring. I think the authors have some valuable information for each station that is being masked by just presenting the average.
For hypothesis 2: I am far from being an expert on regional circulation patterns in the South Atlantic. The comparison between regions (Shelf, WBCS, transition zone and SECS) seems reasonable, and the discussion of the NBUC advecting oceanic plankton into the shelf during spring sounds reasonable. However, given my lack of familiarity with the system, just by looking at the current velocity vectors in Figure 2 (which are from 0-70 m), I infer that the northward surface currents are stronger during fall. Also, the NBUC influences processes from 50-300 m (Veleda et al. 2012), and Dossa et al. (2021) state that the NBUC core is shallower during the fall and thus they observe faster surface currents during the fall (page 10, second paragraph of the discussion). In summary, given the large depth range at which these plankton samples are integrated, it seems important to better correlate the current velocity data with the plankton abundance data (providing more information at deeper depths, differentiating between on-shelf and off-shelf current velocities, etc…) to better support the argument that circulation patterns are the drivers of cnidarian plankton community composition
For Hypothesis 3: with CTD profiles for each station, it is possible to infer the mixed layer depth and perform a simple correlation between this property and total cnidarian abundance per station? There might be other variables that could be considered as predictor variables of cnidarian abundance (i.e. chlorophyll concentration). I think this approach will better address your third hypothesis.
The data analysis approach presented in Figure 5, 6 and 7 is very appropriate to address hypothesis that deal with differential changes in abundance, distribution and community composition of pelagic cnidarians across seasons and between regions, thus an hypothesis should be made accordingly.
Grammar corrections: The ones listed below are only some of the grammar errors that I found throughout the manuscript. I have found it very useful to ask a colleague who is a native English speaker to proofread the manuscript and find other grammar errors. Not being a native English speaker myself, it would be good to have someone else’s opinion on this topic:
Line 25 sentence two: ‘Due to their high…’ I would recommend rewriting that sentence.
Line 25 sentence 5: ‘recent studies appointed them…’ I also recommend improving the clarity of this sentence
Line 230: ‘Most of the samples..’
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
We sincerely appreciate the useful insights you provided to improve our study. As detailed in the rebuttal letter below (responses in bold) we took into account all corrections and suggestions to prepare the revised version of our MS. The lines mentioned below refer to the new corrected version to be submitted.
General comments:
This study is a follow up of Tosetto et al. (2021), in which the authors present the pelagic cnidarian distribution obtained in the ABRACOS 1 survey. In this new manuscript, the authors compare their previously published data (austral spring) with the new, unpublished data from ABRACOS 2 (austral autumn). In this instance, and different from Tosetto et al. (2021), they include water column structure and surface current velocities to address three hypothesis: (1): increases in continental runoff and (2) reduction of western boundary current intensity increase the presence of oceanic cnidarian species over the shelf and (3) a decrease in mixed layer depth is associated to high abundances of planktonic cnidarians. Overall, the paper is very interesting as it shows how pelagic cnidarian communities are closely linked to different water masses and follow the distinction between the west Brazilian continental shelf, the transition zone, and the south equatorial current system, however, more appropriate data analysis to formally address the hypothesis mentioned above will strengthen the manuscript.For hypothesis 1: can the presence of continental runoff in each sampling station be inferred from surface salinity values or other physical variables? In figure 3, panel d, one can see the large variability in salinity values during autumn compared to spring. I think the authors have some valuable information for each station that is being masked by just presenting the average.
R.: Thanks for your comment. In the continental shelf off Brazil, due the high temperature and evaporation, salinity is higher than offshore even close (~1 km) to the mouth of estuaries. Thus, at the scale of our CTD samples, the variability we observed in SSS was likely mostly due to diel changes in temperature and evaporation. It was therefore not possible to infer the presence of river runoff from CTD salinity. To deal with that, in the new version, we included along-track thermosalinograph salinity data for the two cruises. Although the overall salinity was lower in spring, as a result of the reduced continental discharge and higher evaporation over shallow areas, we can observe that salinity peaks in the more inshore areas in this season. Differently, in autumn, although the overall salinity was higher (due higher temperature and evaporation), highest values were along the outer shelf/shelf break, with a reduction inshore, matching with the distribution of our cluster groups. Such results and discussion were included in lines 154-160For hypothesis 2: I am far from being an expert on regional circulation patterns in the South Atlantic. The comparison between regions (Shelf, WBCS, transition zone and SECS) seems reasonable, and the discussion of the NBUC advecting oceanic plankton into the shelf during spring sounds reasonable. However, given my lack of familiarity with the system, just by looking at the current velocity vectors in Figure 2 (which are from 0-70 m), I infer that the northward surface currents are stronger during fall. Also, the NBUC influences processes from 50-300 m (Veleda et al. 2012), and Dossa et al. (2021) state that the NBUC core is shallower during the fall and thus they observe faster surface currents during the fall (page 10, second paragraph of the discussion). In summary, given the large depth range at which these plankton samples are integrated, it seems important to better correlate the current velocity data with the plankton abundance data (providing more information at deeper depths, differentiating between on-shelf and off-shelf current velocities, etc…) to better support the argument that circulation patterns are the drivers of cnidarian plankton community composition
R. Although the core of NBUC was stronger in spring, it was shallower in autumn (also demonstrated in Dossa et al., 2021, in Fig. 6). Thus, surface currents were indeed slightly stronger in autumn. However, during this season the core was also further away from the coast and no remarkable differences were observed between seasons over the continental shelf. Our conclusion is that oceanic waters and its associated fauna were advected over the continental shelf at both seasons. We included in figure 2 adcp data for the 70-350 strata, and improved the Discussion in lines 133-145.For Hypothesis 3: with CTD profiles for each station, it is possible to infer the mixed layer depth and perform a simple correlation between this property and total cnidarian abundance per station? There might be other variables that could be considered as predictor variables of cnidarian abundance (i.e. chlorophyll concentration). I think this approach will better address your third hypothesis.
R. Thanks for your suggestion, we included gradient analyses (RDA) for the three systems.The data analysis approach presented in Figure 5, 6 and 7 is very appropriate to address hypothesis that deal with differential changes in abundance, distribution and community composition of pelagic cnidarians across seasons and between regions, thus an hypothesis should be made accordingly.
R. We believe your suggestion was already addressed properly within the mixed-layer hypothesis.
Grammar corrections: The ones listed below are only some of the grammar errors that I found throughout the manuscript. I have found it very useful to ask a colleague who is a native English speaker to proofread the manuscript and find other grammar errors. Not being a native English speaker myself, it would be good to have someone else’s opinion on this topic:
R. Thanks for your concern, language was improved in the new version.Line 25 sentence two: ‘Due to their high…’ I would recommend rewriting that sentence.
R. We improved it.Line 25 sentence 5: ‘recent studies appointed them…’ I also recommend improving the clarity of this sentence
R. We improved it.Line 230: ‘Most of the samples..’
R. Corrected.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-216', Martin Vodopivec, 09 Oct 2022
Tosetto et al. present a study on the influence of ocean currents and freshwater runoff on cnidarian population. The study is based on an extensive dataset obtained during two long-distance cruises. There is a lack of such extensive datasets and the authors relate the observed cnidarian community structure to the observed physical parameters. I find the study very interesting and I am sure many researchers with an interest in jellyfish will as well. However, I find the manuscript difficult to read and I would suggest several improvements before publication.
I am not a native English speaker, so my comments regarding the language should be taken only as suggestions. However, I find many sentences too lengthy and confusing. I urge the authors to consult a native speaker on this topic. There are numerous abbreviations in the text and a list of acronyms is a must.
As many of the potential readers, I am coming from a different part of the World and I am unfamiliar with the hydrography of Brazilian shelf and with many of the observed cnidarians as well. I’d suggest the authors to include a schematic representation of the currents in the study area and refer to it in the introduction and in the section 3.1. Also stating more clearly in the first half of the paper, which species are considered oceanic and which coastal, would make the text easier to read for those who are less familiar with the cnidarians of the South Atlantic.
I think both hypotheses could be better supported by the collected data. E.g. showing that group X could be matched with a lower salinity, would support the hypothesis that stronger continental runoff supports coastal species. Also a correlation between the fluorescence, mixed layer depth and abundance of cnidarians, would be a stronger indicator that the enhanced primary productivity is the cause for cnidarian proliferation. However, the first hypothesis is relatively well supported by Fig. 7. On the other hand, although the second hypothesis seems plausible, the presented support for it is rather weak.
I am also surprised that the authors didn’t use the satellite data to support their hypotheses. Geostrophic currents based on the the altimetry data could be obtained for the entire area (e.g. from the Copernicus portal: https://marine.copernicus.eu/). Same goes for the surface chlorophyll concentration. I am not insisting the authors should add this, but I am quite sure it would significantly improve the manuscript.
Comments, suggestions and corrections by lines:
L45: “such circumstance was observed in spring” – “such conditions were observed in austral spring”
L54: remove “still”
L55: cSEC eastward? Isn’t it westward? And I guess SEUC should be eastward then?
L63: Remove “In this context,”
L75: “sorted” – “identified”
L88: “10-3” – “10⻳”
L98: GPS was used to retrieve velocities or velocity position? Maybe both? Is GPS accurate enough to provide reliable ship velocity in the order of the ocean current speed?
L95: “hourly averaged”; remove “located”
L96: “affected” – “contaminated”; “reflections from the bottom”
L97: remove “shallow”. I’d suggest to rephrase the sentence to something like: “The current measurements were resampled to 0.1° spatial resolution and depth intergrated.”
L101: “grouped into three geographic areas”
L104-105: “… dominant species, logarithmic abundance was used in all analyses.”
L129: “intrusions over the shelf” – Of what? Be more specific. Oceanic water probably. “Pernambuco Plateau” – What is this? Should be marked in Fig. 1
L130-131: “intrusions over the shelf were observed” – how were they observed?
L 134: Regarding the fact that the circulation is an important part of the study, I don’t think it is enough to reference a paper. As said, a schematic would help. And a better description as well.
L136-137: SACS – Probably T < 13°C? And according to the profile this is below 150 m and not in the first 150 m.
L141: Why is salinity higher on the shelf in autumn? One would suspect that higher runoff would lower the salinity. Is the influence of rivers limited only to a very narrow belt?
L144-145: The fluorescence indicates river influence over the shelf in autumn. How does this fit with higher salinity?
L159: remove “also”
L160: % of the total catch? By mass or number of individuals?Section 3.3
I find this section a bit confusing and it would need a clearer structure. It switches from hydromedusae to siphonophores and back. The precision of many values is overstated by using too many digits (e.g. 1067.6 ind. 100 m⻳). Only the number of reliable digits should be used. I’d suggest to structure the section more clearly and follow the same pattern, otherwise the reader quickly gets lost between species, abundances, locations and seasons.L241: There is no figure 8b.
L253: “spreads” – “spread”
L255-258: The reduction of the current intensity in autumn is not so clear. You discuss the depth and speed of the current and sometimes conclude that the surface current was of similar strength. Fig. 2 would lead me to that conclusion as well. A plot of satellite derived geostrophic currents could be very helpful here.
L287: How about S. chuni?
L304-305: L. meteori is not shown in Fig. 5. Are these species considered oceanic or coastal?
L306: The second spring is probably autumn.
L315-316: I would say that your conclusions are valid for the Brazilian shelf only, since they were not tested elsewhere.
L319-321: This is a bold claim given the presented results. It kind of makes sense, but I am sure you have enough data to better support your claim.Figure 2: The arrows are way too small and there is too many of them.
Figure 3g: There is a huge upper limit of fluorescence in autumn. It would be interesting to see which stations contribute to that. Something like fig 7c but for chlorophyll would help and maybe support your third hypothesis. Maybe a plot of satellite chlorophyll concentration would be useful as well.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
We sincerely appreciate the useful insights you provided to improve our study. As detailed in the rebuttal letter below (responses in bold) we took into account all corrections and suggestions to prepare the revised version of our MS. The lines mentioned below refer to the new corrected version to be submitted.
Tosetto et al. present a study on the influence of ocean currents and freshwater runoff on cnidarian population. The study is based on an extensive dataset obtained during two long-distance cruises. There is a lack of such extensive datasets and the authors relate the observed cnidarian community structure to the observed physical parameters. I find the study very interesting and I am sure many researchers with an interest in jellyfish will as well. However, I find the manuscript difficult to read and I would suggest several improvements before publication.
I am not a native English speaker, so my comments regarding the language should be taken only as suggestions. However, I find many sentences too lengthy and confusing. I urge the authors to consult a native speaker on this topic. There are numerous abbreviations in the text and a list of acronyms is a must.
R. Thanks for your concern, language was improved in the new version and a list of acronyms was included (Table 1).As many of the potential readers, I am coming from a different part of the World and I am unfamiliar with the hydrography of Brazilian shelf and with many of the observed cnidarians as well. I’d suggest the authors to include a schematic representation of the currents in the study area and refer to it in the introduction and in the section 3.1.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included the schematic representation of currents in Fig. 1.Also stating more clearly in the first half of the paper, which species are considered oceanic and which coastal, would make the text easier to read for those who are less familiar with the cnidarians of the South Atlantic.
R. Thanks for the suggestion we included examples of coastal and oceanic species.I think both hypotheses could be better supported by the collected data. E.g. showing that group X could be matched with a lower salinity, would support the hypothesis that stronger continental runoff supports coastal species. Also a correlation between the fluorescence, mixed layer depth and abundance of cnidarians, would be a stronger indicator that the enhanced primary productivity is the cause for cnidarian proliferation. However, the first hypothesis is relatively well supported by Fig. 7. On the other hand, although the second hypothesis seems plausible, the presented support for it is rather weak.
R. Thanks for your suggestion, we included gradient analyses (RDA) for the three systems.I am also surprised that the authors didn’t use the satellite data to support their hypotheses. Geostrophic currents based on the the altimetry data could be obtained for the entire area (e.g. from the Copernicus portal: https://marine.copernicus.eu/). Same goes for the surface chlorophyll concentration. I am not insisting the authors should add this, but I am quite sure it would significantly improve the manuscript.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. Dossa et al. 2021, already compared the same ADCP datasets with geostrophic currents.
Comments, suggestions and corrections by lines:
L45: “such circumstance was observed in spring” – “such conditions were observed in austral spring”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We changed the sentence.L54: remove “still”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We removed it.L55: cSEC eastward? Isn’t it westward? And I guess SEUC should be eastward then?
R. Thanks for the noticing. We corrected both.L63: Remove “In this context,”
R. Removed.L75: “sorted” – “identified”
R. Thanks for the suggestion, however we believed that “sorted” is better in the context of the sentence.L88: “10-3” – “10⻳”
R. Corrected.L98: GPS was used to retrieve velocities or velocity position? Maybe both? Is GPS accurate enough to provide reliable ship velocity in the order of the ocean current speed?
R. SADCP data were processed and edited using the Common Ocean Data Access System (CODAS) software package developed at the University of Hawaii (http://currents.soest.hawaii.edu). The relative velocities were rotated from the transducer to the Earth reference frame using the ship gyrocompass. The global positioning system (GPS) was used to retrieve the absolute current velocities. The orientation of the transducer relative to the gyroscopic compass and an amplitude correction factor for the ADCP were determined by standard calibration procedures (Joyce, 1989; Pollard and Read, 1989). See also in Dossa et al. (2021).L95: “hourly averaged”; remove “located”
R. Corrected.L96: “affected” – “contaminated”; “reflections from the bottom”
R. Corrected.L97: remove “shallow”. I’d suggest to rephrase the sentence to something like: “The current measurements were resampled to 0.1° spatial resolution and depth intergrated.”
R. Corrected.L101: “grouped into three geographic areas”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. However, due the distinct current systems in place in the study area, we prefer interpreting them as systems.L104-105: “… dominant species, logarithmic abundance was used in all analyses.”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. However, we prefer referring as data transformation, in accordance with statistics literature.L129: “intrusions over the shelf” – Of what? Be more specific. Oceanic water probably.
R. We changed to “intrusions of oceanic waters over the shelf”.
“Pernambuco Plateau” – What is this? Should be marked in Fig. 1
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We marked it in Fig. 1.L130-131: “intrusions over the shelf were observed” – how were they observed?
R. Transport of water was observed by the coastward currents.L 134: Regarding the fact that the circulation is an important part of the study, I don’t think it is enough to reference a paper. As said, a schematic would help. And a better description as well.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included the schematic representation of currents in fig. 1 and improved the description of the circulation patterns.L136-137: SACS – Probably T < 13°C? And according to the profile this is below 150 m and not in the first 150 m.
R. Thanks for the suggestion, we changed to “reaching up to ~150 m depth”.L141: Why is salinity higher on the shelf in autumn? One would suspect that higher runoff would lower the salinity. Is the influence of rivers limited only to a very narrow belt?
R. With the higher temperature during autumn, the evaporation/precipitation budget is higher, increasing the overall salinity (Assunção et al. 2020). We improved the text to make it clearer.L144-145: The fluorescence indicates river influence over the shelf in autumn. How does this fit with higher salinity?
R. See our response to the previous comment.L159: remove “also”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We removed it.L160: % of the total catch? By mass or number of individuals?
R. By number of individuals.100 m-3. We improved the text.Section 3.3
I find this section a bit confusing and it would need a clearer structure. It switches from hydromedusae to siphonophores and back. The precision of many values is overstated by using too many digits (e.g. 1067.6 ind. 100 m⻳). Only the number of reliable digits should be used. I’d suggest to structure the section more clearly and follow the same pattern, otherwise the reader quickly gets lost between species, abundances, locations and seasons.
R. Thanks for your concern. We reordered the section. About the second part, we are not sure about what you refer as “too many digits”. All values were presented with 1 decimal digit.L241: There is no figure 8b.
R. Thanks you, it should be 2b.L253: “spreads” – “spread”
R. Corrected.L255-258: The reduction of the current intensity in autumn is not so clear. You discuss the depth and speed of the current and sometimes conclude that the surface current was of similar strength. Fig. 2 would lead me to that conclusion as well. A plot of satellite derived geostrophic currents could be very helpful here.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. These patterns of NBUC depth and intensity were discussed in details in Dossa et al. 2021, where the same ADCP dataset was used and compared with geostrophic currents.L287: How about S. chuni?
R. Thanks for noticing. We included the species in the list.L304-305: L. meteori is not shown in Fig. 5. Are these species considered oceanic or coastal?
R. We included only the more abundant species in Fig. 5. There is not much information about ecological requirements of this species in literature. During our spring cruise, it occurred exclusively in the open ocean, particularly over the slope.L306: The second spring is probably autumn.
R. Thanks you, we corrected it.L315-316: I would say that your conclusions are valid for the Brazilian shelf only, since they were not tested elsewhere.
R. Now we referred to our study area and only suggest that the pattern may be similar in other WBCS.L319-321: This is a bold claim given the presented results. It kind of makes sense, but I am sure you have enough data to better support your claim.
R. Thanks for the concern. We believe that this conclusion was supported by our data and discussed in details in lines 337-349.Figure 2: The arrows are way too small and there is too many of them.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We improved he figure to make it more readable.Figure 3g: There is a huge upper limit of fluorescence in autumn. It would be interesting to see which stations contribute to that. Something like fig 7c but for chlorophyll would help and maybe support your third hypothesis. Maybe a plot of satellite chlorophyll concentration would be useful as well.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included distribution maps of surface temperature, salinity and fluorescence in supplementary material (Fig. S1).Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-AC2 - AC3: 'Reply on AC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 27 Oct 2022
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-216', Marco Corrales, 25 Jun 2022
General comments:
This study is a follow up of Tosetto et al. (2021), in which the authors present the pelagic cnidarian distribution obtained in the ABRACOS 1 survey. In this new manuscript, the authors compare their previously published data (austral spring) with the new, unpublished data from ABRACOS 2 (austral autumn). In this instance, and different from Tosetto et al. (2021), they include water column structure and surface current velocities to address three hypothesis: (1): increases in continental runoff and (2) reduction of western boundary current intensity increase the presence of oceanic cnidarian species over the shelf and (3) a decrease in mixed layer depth is associated to high abundances of planktonic cnidarians.
Overall, the paper is very interesting as it shows how pelagic cnidarian communities are closely linked to different water masses and follow the distinction between the west Brazilian continental shelf, the transition zone, and the south equatorial current system, however, more appropriate data analysis to formally address the hypothesis mentioned above will strengthen the manuscript.
For hypothesis 1: can the presence of continental runoff in each sampling station be inferred from surface salinity values or other physical variables? In figure 3, panel d, one can see the large variability in salinity values during autumn compared to spring. I think the authors have some valuable information for each station that is being masked by just presenting the average.
For hypothesis 2: I am far from being an expert on regional circulation patterns in the South Atlantic. The comparison between regions (Shelf, WBCS, transition zone and SECS) seems reasonable, and the discussion of the NBUC advecting oceanic plankton into the shelf during spring sounds reasonable. However, given my lack of familiarity with the system, just by looking at the current velocity vectors in Figure 2 (which are from 0-70 m), I infer that the northward surface currents are stronger during fall. Also, the NBUC influences processes from 50-300 m (Veleda et al. 2012), and Dossa et al. (2021) state that the NBUC core is shallower during the fall and thus they observe faster surface currents during the fall (page 10, second paragraph of the discussion). In summary, given the large depth range at which these plankton samples are integrated, it seems important to better correlate the current velocity data with the plankton abundance data (providing more information at deeper depths, differentiating between on-shelf and off-shelf current velocities, etc…) to better support the argument that circulation patterns are the drivers of cnidarian plankton community composition
For Hypothesis 3: with CTD profiles for each station, it is possible to infer the mixed layer depth and perform a simple correlation between this property and total cnidarian abundance per station? There might be other variables that could be considered as predictor variables of cnidarian abundance (i.e. chlorophyll concentration). I think this approach will better address your third hypothesis.
The data analysis approach presented in Figure 5, 6 and 7 is very appropriate to address hypothesis that deal with differential changes in abundance, distribution and community composition of pelagic cnidarians across seasons and between regions, thus an hypothesis should be made accordingly.
Grammar corrections: The ones listed below are only some of the grammar errors that I found throughout the manuscript. I have found it very useful to ask a colleague who is a native English speaker to proofread the manuscript and find other grammar errors. Not being a native English speaker myself, it would be good to have someone else’s opinion on this topic:
Line 25 sentence two: ‘Due to their high…’ I would recommend rewriting that sentence.
Line 25 sentence 5: ‘recent studies appointed them…’ I also recommend improving the clarity of this sentence
Line 230: ‘Most of the samples..’
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
We sincerely appreciate the useful insights you provided to improve our study. As detailed in the rebuttal letter below (responses in bold) we took into account all corrections and suggestions to prepare the revised version of our MS. The lines mentioned below refer to the new corrected version to be submitted.
General comments:
This study is a follow up of Tosetto et al. (2021), in which the authors present the pelagic cnidarian distribution obtained in the ABRACOS 1 survey. In this new manuscript, the authors compare their previously published data (austral spring) with the new, unpublished data from ABRACOS 2 (austral autumn). In this instance, and different from Tosetto et al. (2021), they include water column structure and surface current velocities to address three hypothesis: (1): increases in continental runoff and (2) reduction of western boundary current intensity increase the presence of oceanic cnidarian species over the shelf and (3) a decrease in mixed layer depth is associated to high abundances of planktonic cnidarians. Overall, the paper is very interesting as it shows how pelagic cnidarian communities are closely linked to different water masses and follow the distinction between the west Brazilian continental shelf, the transition zone, and the south equatorial current system, however, more appropriate data analysis to formally address the hypothesis mentioned above will strengthen the manuscript.For hypothesis 1: can the presence of continental runoff in each sampling station be inferred from surface salinity values or other physical variables? In figure 3, panel d, one can see the large variability in salinity values during autumn compared to spring. I think the authors have some valuable information for each station that is being masked by just presenting the average.
R.: Thanks for your comment. In the continental shelf off Brazil, due the high temperature and evaporation, salinity is higher than offshore even close (~1 km) to the mouth of estuaries. Thus, at the scale of our CTD samples, the variability we observed in SSS was likely mostly due to diel changes in temperature and evaporation. It was therefore not possible to infer the presence of river runoff from CTD salinity. To deal with that, in the new version, we included along-track thermosalinograph salinity data for the two cruises. Although the overall salinity was lower in spring, as a result of the reduced continental discharge and higher evaporation over shallow areas, we can observe that salinity peaks in the more inshore areas in this season. Differently, in autumn, although the overall salinity was higher (due higher temperature and evaporation), highest values were along the outer shelf/shelf break, with a reduction inshore, matching with the distribution of our cluster groups. Such results and discussion were included in lines 154-160For hypothesis 2: I am far from being an expert on regional circulation patterns in the South Atlantic. The comparison between regions (Shelf, WBCS, transition zone and SECS) seems reasonable, and the discussion of the NBUC advecting oceanic plankton into the shelf during spring sounds reasonable. However, given my lack of familiarity with the system, just by looking at the current velocity vectors in Figure 2 (which are from 0-70 m), I infer that the northward surface currents are stronger during fall. Also, the NBUC influences processes from 50-300 m (Veleda et al. 2012), and Dossa et al. (2021) state that the NBUC core is shallower during the fall and thus they observe faster surface currents during the fall (page 10, second paragraph of the discussion). In summary, given the large depth range at which these plankton samples are integrated, it seems important to better correlate the current velocity data with the plankton abundance data (providing more information at deeper depths, differentiating between on-shelf and off-shelf current velocities, etc…) to better support the argument that circulation patterns are the drivers of cnidarian plankton community composition
R. Although the core of NBUC was stronger in spring, it was shallower in autumn (also demonstrated in Dossa et al., 2021, in Fig. 6). Thus, surface currents were indeed slightly stronger in autumn. However, during this season the core was also further away from the coast and no remarkable differences were observed between seasons over the continental shelf. Our conclusion is that oceanic waters and its associated fauna were advected over the continental shelf at both seasons. We included in figure 2 adcp data for the 70-350 strata, and improved the Discussion in lines 133-145.For Hypothesis 3: with CTD profiles for each station, it is possible to infer the mixed layer depth and perform a simple correlation between this property and total cnidarian abundance per station? There might be other variables that could be considered as predictor variables of cnidarian abundance (i.e. chlorophyll concentration). I think this approach will better address your third hypothesis.
R. Thanks for your suggestion, we included gradient analyses (RDA) for the three systems.The data analysis approach presented in Figure 5, 6 and 7 is very appropriate to address hypothesis that deal with differential changes in abundance, distribution and community composition of pelagic cnidarians across seasons and between regions, thus an hypothesis should be made accordingly.
R. We believe your suggestion was already addressed properly within the mixed-layer hypothesis.
Grammar corrections: The ones listed below are only some of the grammar errors that I found throughout the manuscript. I have found it very useful to ask a colleague who is a native English speaker to proofread the manuscript and find other grammar errors. Not being a native English speaker myself, it would be good to have someone else’s opinion on this topic:
R. Thanks for your concern, language was improved in the new version.Line 25 sentence two: ‘Due to their high…’ I would recommend rewriting that sentence.
R. We improved it.Line 25 sentence 5: ‘recent studies appointed them…’ I also recommend improving the clarity of this sentence
R. We improved it.Line 230: ‘Most of the samples..’
R. Corrected.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-216', Martin Vodopivec, 09 Oct 2022
Tosetto et al. present a study on the influence of ocean currents and freshwater runoff on cnidarian population. The study is based on an extensive dataset obtained during two long-distance cruises. There is a lack of such extensive datasets and the authors relate the observed cnidarian community structure to the observed physical parameters. I find the study very interesting and I am sure many researchers with an interest in jellyfish will as well. However, I find the manuscript difficult to read and I would suggest several improvements before publication.
I am not a native English speaker, so my comments regarding the language should be taken only as suggestions. However, I find many sentences too lengthy and confusing. I urge the authors to consult a native speaker on this topic. There are numerous abbreviations in the text and a list of acronyms is a must.
As many of the potential readers, I am coming from a different part of the World and I am unfamiliar with the hydrography of Brazilian shelf and with many of the observed cnidarians as well. I’d suggest the authors to include a schematic representation of the currents in the study area and refer to it in the introduction and in the section 3.1. Also stating more clearly in the first half of the paper, which species are considered oceanic and which coastal, would make the text easier to read for those who are less familiar with the cnidarians of the South Atlantic.
I think both hypotheses could be better supported by the collected data. E.g. showing that group X could be matched with a lower salinity, would support the hypothesis that stronger continental runoff supports coastal species. Also a correlation between the fluorescence, mixed layer depth and abundance of cnidarians, would be a stronger indicator that the enhanced primary productivity is the cause for cnidarian proliferation. However, the first hypothesis is relatively well supported by Fig. 7. On the other hand, although the second hypothesis seems plausible, the presented support for it is rather weak.
I am also surprised that the authors didn’t use the satellite data to support their hypotheses. Geostrophic currents based on the the altimetry data could be obtained for the entire area (e.g. from the Copernicus portal: https://marine.copernicus.eu/). Same goes for the surface chlorophyll concentration. I am not insisting the authors should add this, but I am quite sure it would significantly improve the manuscript.
Comments, suggestions and corrections by lines:
L45: “such circumstance was observed in spring” – “such conditions were observed in austral spring”
L54: remove “still”
L55: cSEC eastward? Isn’t it westward? And I guess SEUC should be eastward then?
L63: Remove “In this context,”
L75: “sorted” – “identified”
L88: “10-3” – “10⻳”
L98: GPS was used to retrieve velocities or velocity position? Maybe both? Is GPS accurate enough to provide reliable ship velocity in the order of the ocean current speed?
L95: “hourly averaged”; remove “located”
L96: “affected” – “contaminated”; “reflections from the bottom”
L97: remove “shallow”. I’d suggest to rephrase the sentence to something like: “The current measurements were resampled to 0.1° spatial resolution and depth intergrated.”
L101: “grouped into three geographic areas”
L104-105: “… dominant species, logarithmic abundance was used in all analyses.”
L129: “intrusions over the shelf” – Of what? Be more specific. Oceanic water probably. “Pernambuco Plateau” – What is this? Should be marked in Fig. 1
L130-131: “intrusions over the shelf were observed” – how were they observed?
L 134: Regarding the fact that the circulation is an important part of the study, I don’t think it is enough to reference a paper. As said, a schematic would help. And a better description as well.
L136-137: SACS – Probably T < 13°C? And according to the profile this is below 150 m and not in the first 150 m.
L141: Why is salinity higher on the shelf in autumn? One would suspect that higher runoff would lower the salinity. Is the influence of rivers limited only to a very narrow belt?
L144-145: The fluorescence indicates river influence over the shelf in autumn. How does this fit with higher salinity?
L159: remove “also”
L160: % of the total catch? By mass or number of individuals?Section 3.3
I find this section a bit confusing and it would need a clearer structure. It switches from hydromedusae to siphonophores and back. The precision of many values is overstated by using too many digits (e.g. 1067.6 ind. 100 m⻳). Only the number of reliable digits should be used. I’d suggest to structure the section more clearly and follow the same pattern, otherwise the reader quickly gets lost between species, abundances, locations and seasons.L241: There is no figure 8b.
L253: “spreads” – “spread”
L255-258: The reduction of the current intensity in autumn is not so clear. You discuss the depth and speed of the current and sometimes conclude that the surface current was of similar strength. Fig. 2 would lead me to that conclusion as well. A plot of satellite derived geostrophic currents could be very helpful here.
L287: How about S. chuni?
L304-305: L. meteori is not shown in Fig. 5. Are these species considered oceanic or coastal?
L306: The second spring is probably autumn.
L315-316: I would say that your conclusions are valid for the Brazilian shelf only, since they were not tested elsewhere.
L319-321: This is a bold claim given the presented results. It kind of makes sense, but I am sure you have enough data to better support your claim.Figure 2: The arrows are way too small and there is too many of them.
Figure 3g: There is a huge upper limit of fluorescence in autumn. It would be interesting to see which stations contribute to that. Something like fig 7c but for chlorophyll would help and maybe support your third hypothesis. Maybe a plot of satellite chlorophyll concentration would be useful as well.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
We sincerely appreciate the useful insights you provided to improve our study. As detailed in the rebuttal letter below (responses in bold) we took into account all corrections and suggestions to prepare the revised version of our MS. The lines mentioned below refer to the new corrected version to be submitted.
Tosetto et al. present a study on the influence of ocean currents and freshwater runoff on cnidarian population. The study is based on an extensive dataset obtained during two long-distance cruises. There is a lack of such extensive datasets and the authors relate the observed cnidarian community structure to the observed physical parameters. I find the study very interesting and I am sure many researchers with an interest in jellyfish will as well. However, I find the manuscript difficult to read and I would suggest several improvements before publication.
I am not a native English speaker, so my comments regarding the language should be taken only as suggestions. However, I find many sentences too lengthy and confusing. I urge the authors to consult a native speaker on this topic. There are numerous abbreviations in the text and a list of acronyms is a must.
R. Thanks for your concern, language was improved in the new version and a list of acronyms was included (Table 1).As many of the potential readers, I am coming from a different part of the World and I am unfamiliar with the hydrography of Brazilian shelf and with many of the observed cnidarians as well. I’d suggest the authors to include a schematic representation of the currents in the study area and refer to it in the introduction and in the section 3.1.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included the schematic representation of currents in Fig. 1.Also stating more clearly in the first half of the paper, which species are considered oceanic and which coastal, would make the text easier to read for those who are less familiar with the cnidarians of the South Atlantic.
R. Thanks for the suggestion we included examples of coastal and oceanic species.I think both hypotheses could be better supported by the collected data. E.g. showing that group X could be matched with a lower salinity, would support the hypothesis that stronger continental runoff supports coastal species. Also a correlation between the fluorescence, mixed layer depth and abundance of cnidarians, would be a stronger indicator that the enhanced primary productivity is the cause for cnidarian proliferation. However, the first hypothesis is relatively well supported by Fig. 7. On the other hand, although the second hypothesis seems plausible, the presented support for it is rather weak.
R. Thanks for your suggestion, we included gradient analyses (RDA) for the three systems.I am also surprised that the authors didn’t use the satellite data to support their hypotheses. Geostrophic currents based on the the altimetry data could be obtained for the entire area (e.g. from the Copernicus portal: https://marine.copernicus.eu/). Same goes for the surface chlorophyll concentration. I am not insisting the authors should add this, but I am quite sure it would significantly improve the manuscript.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. Dossa et al. 2021, already compared the same ADCP datasets with geostrophic currents.
Comments, suggestions and corrections by lines:
L45: “such circumstance was observed in spring” – “such conditions were observed in austral spring”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We changed the sentence.L54: remove “still”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We removed it.L55: cSEC eastward? Isn’t it westward? And I guess SEUC should be eastward then?
R. Thanks for the noticing. We corrected both.L63: Remove “In this context,”
R. Removed.L75: “sorted” – “identified”
R. Thanks for the suggestion, however we believed that “sorted” is better in the context of the sentence.L88: “10-3” – “10⻳”
R. Corrected.L98: GPS was used to retrieve velocities or velocity position? Maybe both? Is GPS accurate enough to provide reliable ship velocity in the order of the ocean current speed?
R. SADCP data were processed and edited using the Common Ocean Data Access System (CODAS) software package developed at the University of Hawaii (http://currents.soest.hawaii.edu). The relative velocities were rotated from the transducer to the Earth reference frame using the ship gyrocompass. The global positioning system (GPS) was used to retrieve the absolute current velocities. The orientation of the transducer relative to the gyroscopic compass and an amplitude correction factor for the ADCP were determined by standard calibration procedures (Joyce, 1989; Pollard and Read, 1989). See also in Dossa et al. (2021).L95: “hourly averaged”; remove “located”
R. Corrected.L96: “affected” – “contaminated”; “reflections from the bottom”
R. Corrected.L97: remove “shallow”. I’d suggest to rephrase the sentence to something like: “The current measurements were resampled to 0.1° spatial resolution and depth intergrated.”
R. Corrected.L101: “grouped into three geographic areas”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. However, due the distinct current systems in place in the study area, we prefer interpreting them as systems.L104-105: “… dominant species, logarithmic abundance was used in all analyses.”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. However, we prefer referring as data transformation, in accordance with statistics literature.L129: “intrusions over the shelf” – Of what? Be more specific. Oceanic water probably.
R. We changed to “intrusions of oceanic waters over the shelf”.
“Pernambuco Plateau” – What is this? Should be marked in Fig. 1
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We marked it in Fig. 1.L130-131: “intrusions over the shelf were observed” – how were they observed?
R. Transport of water was observed by the coastward currents.L 134: Regarding the fact that the circulation is an important part of the study, I don’t think it is enough to reference a paper. As said, a schematic would help. And a better description as well.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included the schematic representation of currents in fig. 1 and improved the description of the circulation patterns.L136-137: SACS – Probably T < 13°C? And according to the profile this is below 150 m and not in the first 150 m.
R. Thanks for the suggestion, we changed to “reaching up to ~150 m depth”.L141: Why is salinity higher on the shelf in autumn? One would suspect that higher runoff would lower the salinity. Is the influence of rivers limited only to a very narrow belt?
R. With the higher temperature during autumn, the evaporation/precipitation budget is higher, increasing the overall salinity (Assunção et al. 2020). We improved the text to make it clearer.L144-145: The fluorescence indicates river influence over the shelf in autumn. How does this fit with higher salinity?
R. See our response to the previous comment.L159: remove “also”
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We removed it.L160: % of the total catch? By mass or number of individuals?
R. By number of individuals.100 m-3. We improved the text.Section 3.3
I find this section a bit confusing and it would need a clearer structure. It switches from hydromedusae to siphonophores and back. The precision of many values is overstated by using too many digits (e.g. 1067.6 ind. 100 m⻳). Only the number of reliable digits should be used. I’d suggest to structure the section more clearly and follow the same pattern, otherwise the reader quickly gets lost between species, abundances, locations and seasons.
R. Thanks for your concern. We reordered the section. About the second part, we are not sure about what you refer as “too many digits”. All values were presented with 1 decimal digit.L241: There is no figure 8b.
R. Thanks you, it should be 2b.L253: “spreads” – “spread”
R. Corrected.L255-258: The reduction of the current intensity in autumn is not so clear. You discuss the depth and speed of the current and sometimes conclude that the surface current was of similar strength. Fig. 2 would lead me to that conclusion as well. A plot of satellite derived geostrophic currents could be very helpful here.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. These patterns of NBUC depth and intensity were discussed in details in Dossa et al. 2021, where the same ADCP dataset was used and compared with geostrophic currents.L287: How about S. chuni?
R. Thanks for noticing. We included the species in the list.L304-305: L. meteori is not shown in Fig. 5. Are these species considered oceanic or coastal?
R. We included only the more abundant species in Fig. 5. There is not much information about ecological requirements of this species in literature. During our spring cruise, it occurred exclusively in the open ocean, particularly over the slope.L306: The second spring is probably autumn.
R. Thanks you, we corrected it.L315-316: I would say that your conclusions are valid for the Brazilian shelf only, since they were not tested elsewhere.
R. Now we referred to our study area and only suggest that the pattern may be similar in other WBCS.L319-321: This is a bold claim given the presented results. It kind of makes sense, but I am sure you have enough data to better support your claim.
R. Thanks for the concern. We believe that this conclusion was supported by our data and discussed in details in lines 337-349.Figure 2: The arrows are way too small and there is too many of them.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We improved he figure to make it more readable.Figure 3g: There is a huge upper limit of fluorescence in autumn. It would be interesting to see which stations contribute to that. Something like fig 7c but for chlorophyll would help and maybe support your third hypothesis. Maybe a plot of satellite chlorophyll concentration would be useful as well.
R. Thanks for the suggestion. We included distribution maps of surface temperature, salinity and fluorescence in supplementary material (Fig. S1).Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-216-AC2 - AC3: 'Reply on AC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 27 Oct 2022
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Everton Giachini Tosetto, 24 Oct 2022
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Everton Giachini Tosetto
Arnaud Bertrand
Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
Alex Costa da Silva
Miodeli Nogueira Júnior
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