Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-170
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-170
02 May 2022
 | 02 May 2022

Bayesian atmospheric correction over land: Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat 8/OLI

Feng Yin, Philip E. Lewis, and Jose L. Gómez-Dans

Abstract. Mitigating the impact of atmospheric effects on optical remote sensing data is critical for monitoring intrinsic land processes and developing Analysis Ready Data (ARD). This work develops an approach to this for the NERC NCEO medium resolution ARD Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel 2 (S2) products, called Sensor Invariant Atmospheric Correction (SIAC). The contribution of the work is to phrase and solve that problem within a probabilistic (Bayesian) framework for medium resolution multispectral sensors S2/MSI and L8/OLI and provide per-pixel uncertainty estimates traceable from assumed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) measurement uncertainty, making progress towards an important aspect of CEOS ARD target requirements.

A set of observational and a priori constraints are developed in SIAC to constrain an estimate of coarse resolution (500 m) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and Total Column Water Vapour (TCWV), along with associated uncertainty. This is then used to estimate the medium resolution (10–60 m) surface reflectance and uncertainty, given an assumed uncertainty of 5 % in TOA reflectance. The coarse resolution a priori constraints used are: the MODIS MCD43 BRDF/Albedo product giving a constraint on 500 m surface reflectance; and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) operational forecasts of AOT and TCWV providing estimates of atmospheric state at core 40 km spatial resolution with an associated 500 m resolution spatial correlation model. The mapping in spatial scale between medium resolution observations and the coarser resolution constraints is achieved using a calibrated effective Point Spread Function for MCD43. Efficient statistical approximations (emulators) to outputs of the 6S atmospheric radiative transfer code used to estimate the state parameters and in the atmospheric correction.

SIAC is demonstrated for a set of global S2 and L8 images covering AERONET and RadCalNet sites. AOT retrievals show a very high correlation to AERONET estimates (R around 0.86, RMSE of 0.07 for both sensors), although with a small bias in AOT. TCWV is accurately retrieved from both sensors (R > 0.96, RMSE < 0.32 g /cm2). Comparisons with in situ surface reflectance measurements from the RadCalNet network show that SIAC provides accurate estimates of surface reflectance across the entire spectrum, with RMSE mismatches with the reference data between 0.01 and 0.02 in units of reflectance, for both S2 and L8. For near-simultaneous S2 and L8 acquisitions, there is a very tight relationship (R > 0.95 for all common bands) between surface reflectance from both sensors, with negligible biases. Uncertainty estimates are assessed through discrepancy analysis and found to provide viable estimates for AOT and TCWV. For surface reflectance, they give conservative estimates of uncertainty, suggesting that a lower estimate of TOA reflectance uncertainty might be appropriate.

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

07 Nov 2022
Bayesian atmospheric correction over land: Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat 8/OLI
Feng Yin, Philip E. Lewis, and Jose L. Gómez-Dans
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7933–7976, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7933-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary

Feng Yin et al.

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Jun 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Feng Yin, 05 Jul 2022
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Juan Antonio Añel, 15 Jun 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Feng Yin, 16 Jun 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Hankui Zhang, 24 Jun 2022
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Feng Yin, 05 Jul 2022

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Jun 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Feng Yin, 05 Jul 2022
  • CEC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Juan Antonio Añel, 15 Jun 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on CEC1', Feng Yin, 16 Jun 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-170', Hankui Zhang, 24 Jun 2022
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Feng Yin, 05 Jul 2022

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Feng Yin on behalf of the Authors (05 Jul 2022)  Author's response 
EF by Polina Shvedko (06 Jul 2022)  Manuscript   Author's tracked changes 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (07 Jul 2022) by Le Yu
RR by Hankui Zhang (17 Jul 2022)
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (19 Aug 2022)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (19 Aug 2022) by Le Yu
AR by Feng Yin on behalf of the Authors (14 Sep 2022)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (15 Sep 2022) by Le Yu
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (03 Oct 2022)
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (03 Oct 2022) by Le Yu
AR by Feng Yin on behalf of the Authors (10 Oct 2022)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

07 Nov 2022
Bayesian atmospheric correction over land: Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat 8/OLI
Feng Yin, Philip E. Lewis, and Jose L. Gómez-Dans
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7933–7976, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7933-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary

Feng Yin et al.

Feng Yin et al.

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Short summary
The proposed SIAC atmospheric correction method provides consistent surface reflectance estimation from medium spatial resolution satellites (Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8) with per-pixel uncertainty information. The outputs from SIAC have been validate against a wide range of ground measurements and it shows that SIAC can provide accurate estimations of both surface reflectance and atmospheric parameters with meaningful uncertainty information.