Divergent convective outflow in large eddy simulations

Abstract. Upper tropospheric outflow is analysed in cloud resolving large eddy simulations. Thereby, the role of convective organisation, latent heating and other factors in upper tropospheric divergent outflow variability from deep convection is diagnosed using a set of about 100 large eddy simulations, because the outflows are thought to be an important feedback from (organised) to large scale atmospheric flows: perturbations in those outflows may sometimes propagate into larger scale perturbations.

Upper tropospheric divergence is found to be controlled by net latent heating and convective organisation. At low precipitation rates isolated convective cells have a stronger mass divergence than squall lines. The squall line divergence is the weakest (relative to the net latent heating) when the outflow is purely 2D, in case of an infinite length squall line. At high precipitation rates the mass divergence discrepancy between the various modes of convection reduces. Hence, overall the magnitude of divergent outflow is explained by the latent heating and the dimensionality of the outflow, which together create a non-linear relation.