Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1105
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1105
17 Oct 2022
 | 17 Oct 2022

Reviews and syntheses: Use and misuse of peak intensities from high resolution mass spectrometry in organic matter studies: opportunities for robust usage

William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine Chang, Sean Colby, Josie Eder, Malak Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie Chu, and James Stegen

Abstract. Earth’s biogeochemical cycles are intimately tied to the biotic and abiotic processing of organic matter (OM). Spatial and temporal variation in OM chemistry is often studied using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). An increasingly common approach is to use ecological metrics (e.g., within-sample diversity) to summarize high-dimensional HRMS data, notably Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS (FTICR MS). However, problems arise when HRMS peak intensity data are used in a way that is analogous to abundances in ecological analyses (e.g., species abundance distributions). Using peak intensity data in this way requires the assumption that intensities act as direct proxies for concentrations, which is often invalid. Here we discuss theoretical expectations and provide empirical evidence why concentrations do not map to HRMS peak intensities. The theory and data show that comparisons of the same peak across samples (within-peak) may carry information regarding variation in relative concentration, but comparing different peaks (between-peak) within or between samples does not. We further developed a simulation model to study the quantitative implications of both within-peak and between-peak errors that decouple concentration from intensity. These implications are studied in terms of commonly used ecological metrics that quantify different aspects of diversity and functional trait values. We show that despite the poor linkages between concentration and intensity, the ecological metrics often perform well in terms of providing robust qualitative inferences and sometimes quantitatively-accurate estimates of diversity and trait values. We conclude with recommendations for using peak intensities in an informed and robust way for natural organic matter studies. A primary recommendation is the use and extension of the simulation model to provide objective, quantitative guidance on the degree to which conceptual and quantitative inferences can be made for a given analysis of a given dataset. Without objective guidance, researchers that use peak intensities are doing so with unknown levels of uncertainty and bias, potentially leading to spurious scientific outcomes.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

29 Oct 2024
Reviews and syntheses: Opportunities for robust use of peak intensities from high-resolution mass spectrometry in organic matter studies
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine H. Chang, Sean M. Colby, Josie Eder, Malak M. Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie K. Chu, and James C. Stegen
Biogeosciences, 21, 4665–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, 2024
Short summary
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine Chang, Sean Colby, Josie Eder, Malak Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie Chu, and James Stegen

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on kew et al _ egusphere', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 Nov 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', James Stegen, 06 Apr 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1105', Anonymous Referee #2, 20 Mar 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', James Stegen, 06 Apr 2023

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on kew et al _ egusphere', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 Nov 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', James Stegen, 06 Apr 2023
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1105', Anonymous Referee #2, 20 Mar 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', James Stegen, 06 Apr 2023

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (25 Apr 2023) by Jack Middelburg
AR by James Stegen on behalf of the Authors (12 Aug 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (21 Aug 2023) by Jack Middelburg
RR by Qing-Zeng Zhu (30 Aug 2023)
RR by Anonymous Referee #4 (05 Mar 2024)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (05 Mar 2024) by Jack Middelburg
AR by James Stegen on behalf of the Authors (07 Jun 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (19 Jun 2024) by Jack Middelburg
RR by Anonymous Referee #4 (19 Jun 2024)
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (15 Aug 2024) by Jack Middelburg
AR by James Stegen on behalf of the Authors (26 Aug 2024)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

29 Oct 2024
Reviews and syntheses: Opportunities for robust use of peak intensities from high-resolution mass spectrometry in organic matter studies
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine H. Chang, Sean M. Colby, Josie Eder, Malak M. Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie K. Chu, and James C. Stegen
Biogeosciences, 21, 4665–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, 2024
Short summary
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine Chang, Sean Colby, Josie Eder, Malak Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie Chu, and James Stegen
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine Chang, Sean Colby, Josie Eder, Malak Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie Chu, and James Stegen

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Latest update: 29 Oct 2024
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
Natural organic matter (OM) chemistry is often studied with mass spectrometry, but poor use of these data can lead to incorrect outcomes. We review causes of the problems, study them experimentally, and develop a model to guide the use of OM data. We show that the large amount of information from mass spectrometry can overcome technical issues underlying incorrect inferences. The model can guide proper use of mass spectrometry to study OM chemistry, thereby avoiding spurious inferences.