Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Observation (EO).
Evaluating InSAR-derived rates of surface-elevation change along the central U.S. Gulf Coast
Guandong Li,Torbjörn E. Törnqvist,and Jingyi Chen
Abstract. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely used to monitor surface-elevation change in subsiding coastal regions, but inconsistencies between studies hinder understanding of the processes driving vertical land motion (VLM). Here we compare two recent InSAR datasets from the central U.S. Gulf Coast which yield similar mean rates (−2.8 ± 2.8 and −3.3 ± 1.8 mm yr⁻¹) but show negligible spatial correlation (R² = 0.05), except in medium to highly developed urban areas (R² > 0.5). Using 41 Global Navigation Satellite System records from adjacent Pleistocene uplands with minimal shallow subsidence and sediment accretion, we find a median VLM of −1.2 mm yr⁻¹, largely driven by glacial isostatic adjustment that is higher than previously believed. InSAR data exhibit larger uncertainties and are presently unable to capture this rate. Given the struggles of InSAR in vegetated landscapes, we recommend that vertical velocities below 5 mm yr⁻¹ are interpreted with utmost caution.
Received: 11 Feb 2026 – Discussion started: 17 Feb 2026
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Subsidence, or the sinking of land, threatens the U.S. Gulf Coast, where millions face growing flood risks from sea-level rise. Measuring the subsidence is essential for coastal planning and climate adaptation. Satellite radar (InSAR) is widely used to measure subsidence, but studies often disagree. Comparing two recent datasets, we found widespread disagreements except in dense urban areas. Decision makers should use coastal InSAR products with caution until these discrepancies are resolved.
Subsidence, or the sinking of land, threatens the U.S. Gulf Coast, where millions face growing...
