Improving Access and Interoperability of Cryospheric Data Across Research and Operations

Abstract. Changes in the cryosphere have far-reaching physical and socio-economic impacts, regionally and globally. Observational data on sea ice, snow, glaciers, ice sheets, and permafrost are therefore critical. However, observations from polar and high-mountain regions are often fragmented, heterogeneous, and underutilised due to limited coordination, resulting in high consumer costs, caused by inconsistent data management practices. This paper addresses how access to cryospheric observational data can be improved by bridging the gap between research communities and operational agencies. It advocates for fully implementing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, emphasising interoperability and reuse. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is well-positioned to act as a convenor by co-developing data standards, aligning observation protocols, and leveraging global frameworks such as WIS 2.0 and the 5th International Polar Year, working with stakeholders to ensure the long-term preservation and broader reuse of essential cryosphere data. The paper concludes with recommendations focusing on standardisation, data governance, interoperability, and cross-community collaboration.