30 Oct 2026
| 30 Oct 2026
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Controverses of Magnetospheric Substorm from Thermodynamic Standpoint
Abstract. In magnetospheric physics, the substorm development, understood as the forming of explosive release of energy from Earth’s magnetotail into the ionosphere and the near magnetosphere, is a subject of long-standing scientific debates. Yet, despite obvious progress, the emergence of a substorm demonstrates some effects that cannot be easily interpreted based on the existing observational and analytical models. These effects are frequently referred to as "controversies," as they can support entirely opposing physical frameworks. In this report, some well-known controversies are discussed in the light of possible resolution based on the thermodynamical model of conserved energy links.
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
