| 11 Jun 2026
Classification and quantification of low-visibility events using deep learning over eastern China
Abstract. Low-visibility events (LVEs) threaten transportation safety and human health, yet accurately identifying them at a regional scale remains challenging. To address this, this study introduces a unified convolutional neural network (CNN) framework that integrates the geostationary satellite, meteorology, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) observation data to identify all types of LVEs. The model can not only produce the spatiotemporal distribution of LVEs, including land and sea fog, but also quantify the intensity of LVEs linked to visibility reduction. By incorporating PM2.5, the polluted fog-haze over land can be discriminated from clean fog. Based on the model, we are able to investigate the environmental policy to reduce fog-haze and the corresponding population exposure. Over eastern China, a 20% reduction of overall PM2.5 can reduce the fog-haze area by 42% in winter. However, the corresponding population exposure is reduced less effectively by 15%, because the most populated region collocates with the most polluted region, where a further reduction of PM2.5 by over 40% is required to effectively reduce its population exposure. Here, the classified and quantified LVEs, along with the established relationship with pollution, explicitly guide the air-quality policy for the co-benefits of improving air visibility and human health.
Competing interests: Dantong Liu is an editor of ACP.
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
