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https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1486
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1486
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
24 Mar 2026
| 24 Mar 2026
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Sensitivity of Arctic mixed-phase cloud simulations to ice microphysical modifications in the WDM6 scheme of WRF (v4.3.1)
Abstract. Arctic mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) remain challenging to represent in atmospheric models, with bulk microphysics schemes typically biased toward either excessive glaciation or inadequate ice formation. This study evaluates the behavior of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Double-Moment 6-class (WDM6) scheme and its modified version (WDM6_ICE), which incorporates spherical ice shape, constrained nucleation, and prognostic cloud ice number concentration, under Arctic conditions using the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment case (9–10 October 2004).
How to cite. Sung, H.-J., Lim, K.-S. S., Hong, S.-Y., Shin, J., Kim, B.-M., and Choi, J.-H.: Sensitivity of Arctic mixed-phase cloud simulations to ice microphysical modifications in the WDM6 scheme of WRF (v4.3.1), EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1486, 2026.
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Hyun-Joon Sung
Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences (Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences), Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Song-You Hong
Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory (MMM), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), CO 80301, USA
JiHoon Shin
Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences (Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences), Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
Baek-Min Kim
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences (Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences), Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
Ji-Hun Choi
Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences (Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences), Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
Short summary
Arctic clouds containing both liquid droplets and ice crystals are difficult to simulate. We tested how ice-related changes in a weather model, designed for temperate regions, perform in the Arctic. Ice crystal shape is the dominant factor: spherical crystals nearly eliminate cloud ice, shifting it to snow. Changes producing moderate effects in temperate regions cause extreme responses in the Arctic, showing model improvements must be tested across different climates.
Arctic clouds containing both liquid droplets and ice crystals are difficult to simulate. We...