the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 20 Mar 2025
Broadcasting climate change: An international survey on weather communicators' approaches
Abstract. This study explores the role of television meteorologists as key communicators of climate change across diverse global contexts. Utilizing a survey of 204 participants from 81 countries, it examines their perspectives, strategies, and challenges in addressing climate issues. Respondents, predominantly experienced professionals with meteorological and media expertise, highlighted the communicative potential of television weather segments, despite their brevity. Most participants reported strong climate knowledge, significant concern about its impacts, and reliance on trusted scientific sources like IPCC reports. Key barriers to effective communication included the complexity of climate science, misinformation, and limited public understanding. However, respondents identified strategies for improvement, such as tailored messaging, engaging visuals, and leveraging social media to reach younger audiences. Television emerged as the most impactful medium for raising awareness, complemented by print and digital platforms. The findings underscore the need for a global communication strategy emphasizing clear, actionable, and solutions-oriented messaging. By aligning international efforts with localized approaches, television meteorologists can play a pivotal role in bridging scientific insights and public engagement. This research highlights the critical importance of fostering informed societies, enacting national regulations, and advancing international agreements to drive collective action against climate change.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
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Supplement
(4315 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-852', Courtney Onstad, 03 Jun 2025
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
Specific Comments:
Thank you very much for the time you have taken to review our work and for your comments, which have greatly helped us improve our manuscript.
Lines 8 – 9: “across diverse global contexts”, specifically the word diverse, makes me think that countries where communicators are from is a variable in your analysis. However, I believe this is opposite to your intent, since you emphasize a global understanding of communicators. Potentially rephrase?
+Many thanks, we have re-written the sentence:
This study explores the role of television meteorologists as key communicators of climate change within a global context.
Lines 25 – 26: Wondering if it’s worth mentioning if there is an accessibility element to what is discussed in this sentence? As in, since tv is more widely available in poorer nations (this is my assumption, would obviously have to back this up with a reference), maybe it’s a better way to spread climate change communication?
+Thank you for this insightful comment. Yes, this aligns precisely with our point. Television remains one of the most accessible forms of media, particularly in lower-income regions, which enhances its potential as an effective channel for climate change communication. In this context, we argue that television meteorologists are not only highly skilled professionals but also often deeply committed to informing the public about climate-related issues.
Lines 57 – 59: Similar to my first specific comment, the way this sentence is phrased, I assumed a point of the discussion would analyze these factors and their influence on communicators? After reading the discussion, I didn't see any discussion of your results in context of these factors. Is this something you can add - as in, did you analyze the results comparing countries (e.g. comparison of global south vs global north countries. If not, I don't think there is a point to adding this, unless you say that future studies could look at it from this perspective. Two sentences before this you say “universally effective communication strategies”, which I believe more accurately reflects your results and your discussion.
- Thanks for your comment. We have added your suggestion to the text.
However, there is a paucity of research that explores the global dimensions of this issue, particularly from the perspective of television meteorologists working in varied national contexts.
This study seeks to address this gap by examining how television weather reporters worldwide perceive and approach climate change communication, with the aim of identifying universally effective communication strategies.
While this study does not compare communicators across socio-economic or regional divides, future research could usefully explore how such contextual factors shape climate communication practices.
Lines 61 – 62: It is not clear to me what is meant by “indicators”, maybe change to “indicators of climate change”?
- Thanks for your comment. We have added your suggestion to the text.
Line 66: The first paragraph of section 2 could benefit from supporting literature relating to my next comment.
- We have added the reference
Lines 67 – 68: Please note that your results are primarily quantitative, not qualitative, therefore there is a stronger quantitative component to your work.
- This study employs a quantitative research approach, using a survey to examine the perspectives of television meteorologists on climate change communication.
Due to the absence of a universal census for this professional group, we constructed a non-representative sample based on contacts from three major international organizations:
We have amended the text and added a reference about the sampling techniques used.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5441-2_15
Line 86: For the results section, with any of your open-ended questions, are there any quotes you can use from participants that speak to any of the topics discussed? If so, it is worth including them.
- This article is part of a broader research project on climate change communication at an international level. At the time of submission, the doctoral dissertation had not yet been defended. The complete research data are now published and available, as the dissertation has since been successfully defended. We have included a reference that provides access to all the data. There is also, as supplementary material, all the answers to the survey.
(Molina 2025)
Line 87: Please include some additional details on the survey. For example, how many questions, average completion time, when were responses collected (date range), completion rate of the survey (how many people finished it), etc.
Line 95: This map needs a legend; are the dark colours simply noting a country where there was atleast 1 respondent? With that in mind, could be useful to show multiple categories (e.g. <10 respondents, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, >30)
Lines 99 – 101: In the survey, did you get people to respond to questions based on their television experience or their media experience - I'm imagining that their responses would change depending on what they're discussing. If you didn't, I think you'll need to reframe the paper/introduction to be more inclusive of non-television media platforms to make sure readers aren't solely interpreting your results through the lens of television climate change communication.
- All the respondents were TV personalities, and the survey was accompanied by a text from the first author (TV personality himself) asking them to participate. The opinions of this survey come from TV meteorologists, so they express their media experience.
Line 105: In Figure 2, make sure text associated with “…” is not hidden.
Done
Lines 108 – 109: Make sure the finding that “While 86.2%...” is discussed in the discussion. Specifically, 14% of respondents expressing uncertainty seems high. Could be worth mentioning some ideas as to why this number is high?
- Perceptions of climate change are not uniform among respondents. There are relatively few studies on transnational perceptions of the issue, which are also influenced by individuals’ socioeconomic status and political orientation (https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2015.1128055). In our survey, even though the vast majority of communicators acknowledge that there are changes in the climate in their region (89.2%), a portion of respondents do not perceive these changes as significant, and as many as 34.5% do not believe that climate change will have negative effects. Factors such as living in colder regions of the planet, political affiliation, or perceived economic utility play a relevant role in how climate change is perceived and communicated ( https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12406).
Line 123: Similar to my comment for lines 99 – 101, I think it may be useful to specify what is meant by the term “media”. Does this include television? If not, specify that somewhere.
- We have changed to Broadcast media.
As observed in our survey, the majority of respondents are also active in other media platforms such as radio, social media, and others.
Line 124: 72.9% seems quite high. Again, is this on television and/or other forms of media. Did you have a likert scale question on their levels of communicating climate change (e.g. never - on a daily basis)? Or an open-ended question to get a sense of their degree of reporting on climate change?
- Yes, most of the questions of our survey were likert scale questions.
- We have added some text to this point.
While 72.9% of communicators reported on climate change, only 37.9% believed their audiences were well-informed. This large proportion of communicators who include climate change in their reporting can be explained by the composition of our sample, which, as previously mentioned, includes an international WhatsApp group focused on climate. We believe that this strong engagement with climate change communication among our respondents is a key strength of our research.
Lines 124 – 125: Was something along the lines of "organizational mandates" or "political alignment" included as response options for limitations? I would imagine that for tv stations they would often not let their meteorologists discuss climate change if they weren't a left-aligned station.
- As detailed in the supplementary material, the questionnaire comprised 107 questions. In this article, we focus on the most relevant communicative aspects that emerged from the survey data. Broader political and social issues, which are also reflected in the findings, are beyond the scope of this paper; however, we are currently preparing future publications that will address these dimensions in greater depth.
Line 139: I don’t see Table 1 referenced in the text. Make sure it is included.
+Many thanks for your comment. Table 1 is referenced in the paragraph just at the beginning of section 3 Results
Lines 141 – 142: Ensure that the claim “while not statistically representative” is correct. From my understanding, it all depends on how many variables you use and the specific statistical test. The only reason I mention this is that if another researcher wants to do some statistical tests with your data in the future, they could.
- Our study is based on a sample that does not encompass all presenters of meteorological information from the countries surveyed. Furthermore, the responses predominantly reflect the views of individuals who express a clear commitment to addressing climate change. As such, we acknowledge that the study is not statistically representative of the broader population of television meteorologists. Nonetheless, we underscore that the insights regarding communicative practices stem from highly international perspectives and from professionals with robust, well-informed criteria concerning communication with mass audiences.
Lines 143 – 144: How does your data show the diversity and global relevance of perspectives? Include a sentence on this following or remove/rephrase.
The data highlights the diversity and global relevance of perspectives on climate change communication among TV meteorologists. Comparatively, similar surveys have captured smaller, localized samples, emphasizing the broad engagement achieved here
+We have rephased the text.
The communicative insights emerging from our research may contribute to improving climate change communication targeted at mass audiences and adaptable to an international context. The global scope of our study, along with the participation of professionals with extensive experience in public communication, adds a valuable dimension to the existing body of literature, complementing previous studies that have primarily adopted regional or national perspectives.
Els elements comunicatius que emanen de la nostra recerca poden ser útils per una millor comunicació sobre el canvi climàtic adreçada a grans audiències i que poden funcionar a escala internacional. El caràcter internacional del nostre estudi i els subjectes que han participat de la mateixa, persones amb llarga experiència comunicativa, aporten valor a les importants aportacions d'altres estudis publicats amb una mirada més regional o nacional.
Technical Corrections:
Lines 10 – 11: Move “despite their brevity” to the start of the sentence
Done
Lines 17 – 18: Move “Television meteorologists….” In front of “by aligning international….”
Done
Line 19: Remove “critical”
Done
Line 22: add “primarily” in front of “driven”, and remove “in large part”
Done
Lines 22 – 23: Reference
Done
Lines 24 – 25: Reference
Done
Lines 24 – 25: Remove “on an”, add “ly” to the end of international, remove “scale remains a top priority”
We think that the sentence is correct.
Lines 25 – 26: Reference
The references to this argumentation are at the end of this paragraph
Lines 25 – 26: Remove “the media” from start of sentence, and include after “many countries,”.
Done
Lines 28 – 29: Remove “seeks to”, add “s” after “explore”
Done
Lines 30 – 31: Replace “a wide range of” with “various”
Done
Lines 38 - 40: remove the dash between “con” and “dense”, remove “which can”, replace “undermine” with “undermining”, delete “communication”, replace “nuanced” with “nuances”.
Done
Lines 42 – 43: add a comma after “climate change”, add comma after “reduction strategies”
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Lines 50 – 51: add comma after “(Molina, 2005)”
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Lines 57 – 59: Remove “there is”, remove “that”
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Lines 60 – 61: Remove “seeks to”, add “es” to the end of “address”
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Lines 61 – 62: Replace “the role of meteorologists as communicators” with “meteorologists’ perceived role as communicators”
Done
Lines 63 – 65: Remove “effectively” from the end of the sentence, and include it before “complements”
Done
Lines 76 – 78: Remove “From these organizations,”
Done
Lines 84 – 85: replace “its objective is” with “it aims”
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Lines 89 – 91: remove the dash between “con” and “tributors”
Done
Line 95: “replays” doesn’t make sense here. Do you mean “replies”? “respondents”?
Done
Line 106: capitalize “Climate Change”
Done
Lines 108 – 109: remove the dash between “un” and “certainty”
Done
Lines 112 – 113: Remove “d” at the end of “included”
Done
Line 116: Replace “participants” with “participants’”
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Lines 119 – 120: add a comma after (78%), and remove dash between “in” and “fluence”
Done LINIA 133
Lines 121 – 122: remove dash between “in” and “formation”
Done
Line 123: add “the” in front of “Media”
Done
Line 133: Capitalize c in climate
Done
Line 139: In Table 1, the title “Resources” doesn’t seem to make sense for the factors mentioned underneath. You may consider replacing “Channel” with “platform” or “avenue”. “Progress is already being made correctly” is awkward phrasing. Not sure what “New content in new media” means? Maybe just leave it as “new media”. Not clear what “every citizen speech” means. Potentially replace “The religious leaders’ sermon” with “religious leaders”. Remove “in Internet” from “Websites in Internet”. Remove “the” in front of “atmospheric pollution”. At the end of “Pollution of rivers and sea”, add a “s”. Consider replacing “The degree of social alarm” with “The degree of societal concern”. In the table caption, add an “’” to the end of “participants”.
Thank you very much for your comment. In our research, we define “resources” as any assets that a person or organization can draw upon to function effectively, as well as any actions or strategies that may be employed to support climate change communication. We have added a clarifying statement at the beginning of Section 3 to address this:
"In our research, we define ‘resources’ as any assets that a person or organization can draw upon to function effectively, or any actions or strategies that may be employed to support the communication of climate change."
Channel/s: We have been using this word in the sense: a means of communication or expression: such as. (1) : a path along which information (such as data or music) in the form of an informationl signal passes. (2) channels plural : a fixed or official course of communication.
Meaningful progress is being made
Content in emerging media
Citizens’ voices
Messages from religious leaders
Online platforms
Atmospheric pollution
Pollution of rivers and seas
The degree of societal concern
Lines 141 – 142: Move “This survey” after “While not statistically representative,”
Done
Lines 141 – 143: Add a dash between “on” and “air”
Done
Line 146: Capitalize “c” in “climate” and “change”
Done
Line 148: Remove dash between “inter” and “national”
Done
Line 150 – 151: “to enable climate” doesn’t make sense. Do you mean “enable climate action”?
Yes! many thanks. We use “enable climate action”
Line 151 – 152: Remove “Critical”
Done
Line 152 – 153: Rephrase “local realities” – does not make sense.
Done. We have gone to:
Open-ended responses emphasized the need for language adapted to specific audiences, the use of clear visuals, and education-oriented communication tailored to local contexts.
Lines 157 – 158: Reference
Done.
Most respondents expressed concern (68%) or alarm (23.6%) about climate change, with levels of concern significantly exceeding national averages, particularly in the U.S,. tThis heightened awareness may stem from their professional roles and affiliations with climate-focused organizations (A. Leiserowitz et al., 2021).
Line 167: Remove dash between “in” and “creasing”
Done
Lines 168 – 169: remove “serving”
Done
Lines 172 – 173: Rephrase “daily life climates”
Thanks! we have gone to
Developing international communication strategies that transcend cultural and national boundaries is vital for fostering a unified global response to climate change. At the same time, these strategies must be grounded in local realities to be effective. Scientific findings should be translated into accessible, actionable messages that resonate with people’s everyday experiences—such as changes in daily weather patterns or increased frequency of extreme events. By linking global challenges to familiar, tangible impacts, communication efforts can bridge the gap between abstract science and individual engagement, making climate change feel both relevant and urgent across diverse contexts.
Lines 175 – 176: Is there a reference for this? If so, include. If this is a result of your study, clarify this.
Many thanks. We have this new text
According to our results, t Television, print media, and the internet remain the most effective platforms for public engagement, despite challenges posed by misinformation and social media polarization.
Lines 178 – 179: replace “play a” with “are”. Delete “role”
Done
Lines 179 – 181: delete “the state of”. Either add “e.g.,” in front of Schafer, or add a second reference
Done
Lines 184 – 185: Replace “posed by” with “of”, delete the “’” after “stakeholders”
Done
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-852', Hans Olav Hygen, 17 Jun 2025
The manuscript gives a good insight to the main results of the survey, and a good overview of the sentiments among the broadcast meteorologists that answered.
One burning question for me: With this broad basis of cultures and persons in the respons, where there any patterns in the respons reflecting regional or cultural differences, or were the main findings universal? A sentence or two on this could be interesting.
The lines 170 to 175 seems to be a bit in contradiction to each other. Firstly on emphasise the need for global and universal strategies, and then the focus on every day life. This could be elaborated a bit more.
In figure 2, panel "CARRER" the order of the groups in the vertical axis is according to repons with most at the top, this mangles the timeline that the cathegories more logically falls into. Even though the lines might look a bit more messy, the readability would improve if sorted according to length of experience/carrer.
On line 120 there is a comment on percieved political bias of the IPCC which could have been elaborated a bit more, especially if there is any patterns here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
REVISOR 2
The manuscript gives a good insight to the main results of the survey, and a good overview of the sentiments among the broadcast meteorologists that answered.
Thank you very much for the time you have taken to review our work and for your comments, which have greatly helped us improve our manuscript.
One burning question for me: With this broad basis of cultures and persons in the respons, where there any patterns in the respons reflecting regional or cultural differences, or were the main findings universal? A sentence or two on this could be interesting.
Thank you very much for your comment. This article is part of a broader research project on climate change communication at the international level. At the time of submission, the doctoral dissertation had not yet been defended. However, the complete research data are now published and available, as the dissertation has since been successfully defended. We have included a reference (Molina, 2025, https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/218052/1/TMB_TESI.pdf ) that provides access to all the data, including the full set of survey responses as supplementary material.
The main objective of this paper was to highlight the international communication findings from our survey. A more detailed analysis will be presented in forthcoming publications.
The lines 170 to 175 seems to be a bit in contradiction to each other. Firstly on emphasise the need for global and universal strategies, and then the focus on every day life. This could be elaborated a bit more.
Many thanks for your comment. We have change the paragraph to this one
Developing international communication strategies that transcend cultural and national boundaries is vital for fostering a unified global response to climate change. At the same time, these strategies must be grounded in local realities to be effective. Scientific findings should be translated into accessible, actionable messages that resonate with people’s everyday experiences—such as changes in daily weather patterns or increased frequency of extreme events. By linking global challenges to familiar, tangible impacts, communication efforts can bridge the gap between abstract science and individual engagement, making climate change feel both relevant and urgent across diverse contexts.
In figure 2, panel "CARRER" the order of the groups in the vertical axis is according to repons with most at the top, this mangles the timeline that the cathegories more logically falls into. Even though the lines might look a bit more messy, the readability would improve if sorted according to length of experience/carrer.
Done
On line 120 there is a comment on percieved political bias of the IPCC which could have been elaborated a bit more, especially if there is any patterns here.
Many thanks for your comments
We have added:
Although the vast majority of respondents regard the IPCC reports as reliable and representative of the best available science, it is noteworthy that some communicators perceive political influence and express certain doubts about the reports. Future research will address the study of these findings.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-AC2
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-852', Courtney Onstad, 03 Jun 2025
Overall quality: The results of this survey-centred study are very interesting and are an important contribution to advancing our understanding of the roles of geoscience communicators.
Does the paper address relevant scientific questions within the scope of GC? The study’s objective is within the scope of GC.
Does the paper present novel concepts, ideas, tools, or data? The tools and concepts are well-established. The ideas and data are novel.
Are the scientific methods and assumptions valid and clearly outlined? The methods and assumptions are valid and clear.
Are the results sufficient to support the interpretations and conclusions? Yes
Do the authors give proper credit to related work and clearly indicate their own new/original contribution? Overall, yes, there are a few sections that would benefit from some additional references.
Does the title clearly reflect the contents of the paper? Yes
Does the abstract provide a concise and complete summary? Yes
Is the overall presentation well structured and clear? Yes
Is the language fluent and precise? Overall, yes, some minor language fixes will help with flow.
Are the number and quality of references appropriate? Quality is fine, but a few more references in particular sections will be beneficial.
Specific Comments:
Lines 8 – 9: “across diverse global contexts”, specifically the word diverse, makes me think that countries where communicators are from is a variable in your analysis. However, I believe this is opposite to your intent, since you emphasize a global understanding of communicators. Potentially rephrase?
Lines 25 – 26: Wondering if it’s worth mentioning if there is an accessibility element to what is discussed in this sentence? As in, since tv is more widely available in poorer nations (this is my assumption, would obviously have to back this up with a reference), maybe it’s a better way to spread climate change communication?
Lines 57 – 59: Similar to my first specific comment, the way this sentence is phrased, I assumed a point of the discussion would analyze these factors and their influence on communicators? After reading the discussion, I didn't see any discussion of your results in context of these factors. Is this something you can add - as in, did you analyze the results comparing countries (e.g. comparison of global south vs global north countries. If not, I don't think there is a point to adding this, unless you say that future studies could look at it from this perspective. Two sentences before this you say “universally effective communication strategies”, which I believe more accurately reflects your results and your discussion.
Lines 61 – 62: It is not clear to me what is meant by “indicators”, maybe change to “indicators of climate change”?
Line 66: The first paragraph of section 2 could benefit from supporting literature relating to my next comment.
Lines 67 – 68: Please note that your results are primarily quantitative, not qualitative, therefore there is a stronger quantitative component to your work.
Line 86: For the results section, with any of your open-ended questions, are there any quotes you can use from participants that speak to any of the topics discussed? If so, it is worth including them.
Line 87: Please include some additional details on the survey. For example, how many questions, average completion time, when were responses collected (date range), completion rate of the survey (how many people finished it), etc.
Line 95: This map needs a legend; are the dark colours simply noting a country where there was atleast 1 respondent? With that in mind, could be useful to show multiple categories (e.g. <10 respondents, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, >30)
Lines 99 – 101: In the survey, did you get people to respond to questions based on their television experience or their media experience - I'm imagining that their responses would change depending on what they're discussing. If you didn't, I think you'll need to reframe the paper/introduction to be more inclusive of non-television media platforms to make sure readers aren't solely interpreting your results through the lens of television climate change communication.
Line 105: In Figure 2, make sure text associated with “…” is not hidden.
Lines 108 – 109: Make sure the finding that “While 86.2%...” is discussed in the discussion. Specifically, 14% of respondents expressing uncertainty seems high. Could be worth mentioning some ideas as to why this number is high?
Line 123: Similar to my comment for lines 99 – 101, I think it may be useful to specify what is meant by the term “media”. Does this include television? If not, specify that somewhere.
Line 124: 72.9% seems quite high. Again, is this on television and/or other forms of media. Did you have a likert scale question on their levels of communicating climate change (e.g. never - on a daily basis)? Or an open-ended question to get a sense of their degree of reporting on climate change?
Lines 124 – 125: Was something along the lines of "organizational mandates" or "political alignment" included as response options for limitations? I would imagine that for tv stations they would often not let their meteorologists discuss climate change if they weren't a left-aligned station.
Line 139: I don’t see Table 1 referenced in the text. Make sure it is included.
Lines 141 – 142: Ensure that the claim “while not statistically representative” is correct. From my understanding, it all depends on how many variables you use and the specific statistical test. The only reason I mention this is that if another researcher wants to do some statistical tests with your data in the future, they could.
Lines 143 – 144: How does your data show the diversity and global relevance of perspectives? Include a sentence on this following or remove/rephrase.
Technical Corrections:
Lines 10 – 11: Move “despite their brevity” to the start of the sentence
Lines 17 – 18: Move “Television meteorologists….” In front of “by aligning international….”
Line 19: Remove “critical”
Line 22: add “primarily” in front of “driven”, and remove “in large part”
Lines 22 – 23: Reference
Lines 24 – 25: Reference
Lines 24 – 25: Remove “on an”, add “ly” to the end of international, remove “scale remains a top priority”
Lines 25 – 26: Reference
Lines 25 – 26: Remove “the media” from start of sentence, and include after “many countries,”.
Lines 28 – 29: Remove “seeks to”, add “s” after “explore”
Lines 30 – 31: Replace “a wide range of” with “various”
Lines 38 - 40: remove the dash between “con” and “dense”, remove “which can”, replace “undermine” with “undermining”, delete “communication”, replace “nuanced” with “nuances”.
Lines 42 – 43: add a comma after “climate change”, add comma after “reduction strategies”
Lines 50 – 51: add comma after “(Molina, 2005)”
Lines 57 – 59: Remove “there is”, remove “that”
Lines 60 – 61: Remove “seeks to”, add “es” to the end of “address”
Lines 61 – 62: Replace “the role of meteorologists as communicators” with “meteorologists’ perceived role as communicators”
Lines 63 – 65: Remove “effectively” from the end of the sentence, and include it before “complements”
Lines 76 – 78: Remove “From these organizations,”
Lines 84 – 85: replace “its objective is” with “it aims”
Lines 89 – 91: remove the dash between “con” and “tributors”
Line 95: “replays” doesn’t make sense here. Do you mean “replies”? “respondents”?
Line 106: capitalize “Climate Change”
Lines 108 – 109: remove the dash between “un” and “certainty”
Lines 112 – 113: Remove “d” at the end of “included”
Line 116: Replace “participants” with “participants’”
Lines 119 – 120: add a comma after (78%), and remove dash between “in” and “fluence”
Lines 121 – 122: remove dash between “in” and “formation”
Line 123: add “the” in front of “Media”
Line 133: Capitalize c in climate
Line 139: In Table 1, the title “Resources” doesn’t seem to make sense for the factors mentioned underneath. You may consider replacing “Channel” with “platform” or “avenue”. “Progress is already being made correctly” is awkward phrasing. Not sure what “New content in new media” means? Maybe just leave it as “new media”. Not clear what “every citizen speech” means. Potentially replace “The religious leaders’ sermon” with “religious leaders”. Remove “in Internet” from “Websites in Internet”. Remove “the” in front of “atmospheric pollution”. At the end of “Pollution of rivers and sea”, add a “s”. Consider replacing “The degree of social alarm” with “The degree of societal concern”. In the table caption, add an “’” to the end of “participants”.
Lines 141 – 142: Move “This survey” after “While not statistically representative,”
Lines 141 – 143: Add a dash between “on” and “air”
Line 146: Capitalize “c” in “climate” and “change”
Line 148: Remove dash between “inter” and “national”
Line 150 – 151: “to enable climate” doesn’t make sense. Do you mean “enable climate action”?
Line 151 – 152: Remove “Critical”
Line 152 – 153: Rephrase “local realities” – does not make sense.
Lines 157 – 158: Reference
Line 167: Remove dash between “in” and “creasing”
Lines 168 – 169: remove “serving”
Lines 172 – 173: Rephrase “daily life climates”
Lines 175 – 176: Is there a reference for this? If so, include. If this is a result of your study, clarify this.
Lines 178 – 179: replace “play a” with “are”. Delete “role”
Lines 179 – 181: delete “the state of”. Either add “e.g.,” in front of Schafer, or add a second reference
Lines 184 – 185: Replace “posed by” with “of”, delete the “’” after “stakeholders”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
Specific Comments:
Thank you very much for the time you have taken to review our work and for your comments, which have greatly helped us improve our manuscript.
Lines 8 – 9: “across diverse global contexts”, specifically the word diverse, makes me think that countries where communicators are from is a variable in your analysis. However, I believe this is opposite to your intent, since you emphasize a global understanding of communicators. Potentially rephrase?
+Many thanks, we have re-written the sentence:
This study explores the role of television meteorologists as key communicators of climate change within a global context.
Lines 25 – 26: Wondering if it’s worth mentioning if there is an accessibility element to what is discussed in this sentence? As in, since tv is more widely available in poorer nations (this is my assumption, would obviously have to back this up with a reference), maybe it’s a better way to spread climate change communication?
+Thank you for this insightful comment. Yes, this aligns precisely with our point. Television remains one of the most accessible forms of media, particularly in lower-income regions, which enhances its potential as an effective channel for climate change communication. In this context, we argue that television meteorologists are not only highly skilled professionals but also often deeply committed to informing the public about climate-related issues.
Lines 57 – 59: Similar to my first specific comment, the way this sentence is phrased, I assumed a point of the discussion would analyze these factors and their influence on communicators? After reading the discussion, I didn't see any discussion of your results in context of these factors. Is this something you can add - as in, did you analyze the results comparing countries (e.g. comparison of global south vs global north countries. If not, I don't think there is a point to adding this, unless you say that future studies could look at it from this perspective. Two sentences before this you say “universally effective communication strategies”, which I believe more accurately reflects your results and your discussion.
- Thanks for your comment. We have added your suggestion to the text.
However, there is a paucity of research that explores the global dimensions of this issue, particularly from the perspective of television meteorologists working in varied national contexts.
This study seeks to address this gap by examining how television weather reporters worldwide perceive and approach climate change communication, with the aim of identifying universally effective communication strategies.
While this study does not compare communicators across socio-economic or regional divides, future research could usefully explore how such contextual factors shape climate communication practices.
Lines 61 – 62: It is not clear to me what is meant by “indicators”, maybe change to “indicators of climate change”?
- Thanks for your comment. We have added your suggestion to the text.
Line 66: The first paragraph of section 2 could benefit from supporting literature relating to my next comment.
- We have added the reference
Lines 67 – 68: Please note that your results are primarily quantitative, not qualitative, therefore there is a stronger quantitative component to your work.
- This study employs a quantitative research approach, using a survey to examine the perspectives of television meteorologists on climate change communication.
Due to the absence of a universal census for this professional group, we constructed a non-representative sample based on contacts from three major international organizations:
We have amended the text and added a reference about the sampling techniques used.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5441-2_15
Line 86: For the results section, with any of your open-ended questions, are there any quotes you can use from participants that speak to any of the topics discussed? If so, it is worth including them.
- This article is part of a broader research project on climate change communication at an international level. At the time of submission, the doctoral dissertation had not yet been defended. The complete research data are now published and available, as the dissertation has since been successfully defended. We have included a reference that provides access to all the data. There is also, as supplementary material, all the answers to the survey.
(Molina 2025)
Line 87: Please include some additional details on the survey. For example, how many questions, average completion time, when were responses collected (date range), completion rate of the survey (how many people finished it), etc.
Line 95: This map needs a legend; are the dark colours simply noting a country where there was atleast 1 respondent? With that in mind, could be useful to show multiple categories (e.g. <10 respondents, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, >30)
Lines 99 – 101: In the survey, did you get people to respond to questions based on their television experience or their media experience - I'm imagining that their responses would change depending on what they're discussing. If you didn't, I think you'll need to reframe the paper/introduction to be more inclusive of non-television media platforms to make sure readers aren't solely interpreting your results through the lens of television climate change communication.
- All the respondents were TV personalities, and the survey was accompanied by a text from the first author (TV personality himself) asking them to participate. The opinions of this survey come from TV meteorologists, so they express their media experience.
Line 105: In Figure 2, make sure text associated with “…” is not hidden.
Done
Lines 108 – 109: Make sure the finding that “While 86.2%...” is discussed in the discussion. Specifically, 14% of respondents expressing uncertainty seems high. Could be worth mentioning some ideas as to why this number is high?
- Perceptions of climate change are not uniform among respondents. There are relatively few studies on transnational perceptions of the issue, which are also influenced by individuals’ socioeconomic status and political orientation (https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2015.1128055). In our survey, even though the vast majority of communicators acknowledge that there are changes in the climate in their region (89.2%), a portion of respondents do not perceive these changes as significant, and as many as 34.5% do not believe that climate change will have negative effects. Factors such as living in colder regions of the planet, political affiliation, or perceived economic utility play a relevant role in how climate change is perceived and communicated ( https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12406).
Line 123: Similar to my comment for lines 99 – 101, I think it may be useful to specify what is meant by the term “media”. Does this include television? If not, specify that somewhere.
- We have changed to Broadcast media.
As observed in our survey, the majority of respondents are also active in other media platforms such as radio, social media, and others.
Line 124: 72.9% seems quite high. Again, is this on television and/or other forms of media. Did you have a likert scale question on their levels of communicating climate change (e.g. never - on a daily basis)? Or an open-ended question to get a sense of their degree of reporting on climate change?
- Yes, most of the questions of our survey were likert scale questions.
- We have added some text to this point.
While 72.9% of communicators reported on climate change, only 37.9% believed their audiences were well-informed. This large proportion of communicators who include climate change in their reporting can be explained by the composition of our sample, which, as previously mentioned, includes an international WhatsApp group focused on climate. We believe that this strong engagement with climate change communication among our respondents is a key strength of our research.
Lines 124 – 125: Was something along the lines of "organizational mandates" or "political alignment" included as response options for limitations? I would imagine that for tv stations they would often not let their meteorologists discuss climate change if they weren't a left-aligned station.
- As detailed in the supplementary material, the questionnaire comprised 107 questions. In this article, we focus on the most relevant communicative aspects that emerged from the survey data. Broader political and social issues, which are also reflected in the findings, are beyond the scope of this paper; however, we are currently preparing future publications that will address these dimensions in greater depth.
Line 139: I don’t see Table 1 referenced in the text. Make sure it is included.
+Many thanks for your comment. Table 1 is referenced in the paragraph just at the beginning of section 3 Results
Lines 141 – 142: Ensure that the claim “while not statistically representative” is correct. From my understanding, it all depends on how many variables you use and the specific statistical test. The only reason I mention this is that if another researcher wants to do some statistical tests with your data in the future, they could.
- Our study is based on a sample that does not encompass all presenters of meteorological information from the countries surveyed. Furthermore, the responses predominantly reflect the views of individuals who express a clear commitment to addressing climate change. As such, we acknowledge that the study is not statistically representative of the broader population of television meteorologists. Nonetheless, we underscore that the insights regarding communicative practices stem from highly international perspectives and from professionals with robust, well-informed criteria concerning communication with mass audiences.
Lines 143 – 144: How does your data show the diversity and global relevance of perspectives? Include a sentence on this following or remove/rephrase.
The data highlights the diversity and global relevance of perspectives on climate change communication among TV meteorologists. Comparatively, similar surveys have captured smaller, localized samples, emphasizing the broad engagement achieved here
+We have rephased the text.
The communicative insights emerging from our research may contribute to improving climate change communication targeted at mass audiences and adaptable to an international context. The global scope of our study, along with the participation of professionals with extensive experience in public communication, adds a valuable dimension to the existing body of literature, complementing previous studies that have primarily adopted regional or national perspectives.
Els elements comunicatius que emanen de la nostra recerca poden ser útils per una millor comunicació sobre el canvi climàtic adreçada a grans audiències i que poden funcionar a escala internacional. El caràcter internacional del nostre estudi i els subjectes que han participat de la mateixa, persones amb llarga experiència comunicativa, aporten valor a les importants aportacions d'altres estudis publicats amb una mirada més regional o nacional.
Technical Corrections:
Lines 10 – 11: Move “despite their brevity” to the start of the sentence
Done
Lines 17 – 18: Move “Television meteorologists….” In front of “by aligning international….”
Done
Line 19: Remove “critical”
Done
Line 22: add “primarily” in front of “driven”, and remove “in large part”
Done
Lines 22 – 23: Reference
Done
Lines 24 – 25: Reference
Done
Lines 24 – 25: Remove “on an”, add “ly” to the end of international, remove “scale remains a top priority”
We think that the sentence is correct.
Lines 25 – 26: Reference
The references to this argumentation are at the end of this paragraph
Lines 25 – 26: Remove “the media” from start of sentence, and include after “many countries,”.
Done
Lines 28 – 29: Remove “seeks to”, add “s” after “explore”
Done
Lines 30 – 31: Replace “a wide range of” with “various”
Done
Lines 38 - 40: remove the dash between “con” and “dense”, remove “which can”, replace “undermine” with “undermining”, delete “communication”, replace “nuanced” with “nuances”.
Done
Lines 42 – 43: add a comma after “climate change”, add comma after “reduction strategies”
Done
Lines 50 – 51: add comma after “(Molina, 2005)”
Done
Lines 57 – 59: Remove “there is”, remove “that”
Done
Lines 60 – 61: Remove “seeks to”, add “es” to the end of “address”
Done
Lines 61 – 62: Replace “the role of meteorologists as communicators” with “meteorologists’ perceived role as communicators”
Done
Lines 63 – 65: Remove “effectively” from the end of the sentence, and include it before “complements”
Done
Lines 76 – 78: Remove “From these organizations,”
Done
Lines 84 – 85: replace “its objective is” with “it aims”
Done
Lines 89 – 91: remove the dash between “con” and “tributors”
Done
Line 95: “replays” doesn’t make sense here. Do you mean “replies”? “respondents”?
Done
Line 106: capitalize “Climate Change”
Done
Lines 108 – 109: remove the dash between “un” and “certainty”
Done
Lines 112 – 113: Remove “d” at the end of “included”
Done
Line 116: Replace “participants” with “participants’”
Done
Lines 119 – 120: add a comma after (78%), and remove dash between “in” and “fluence”
Done LINIA 133
Lines 121 – 122: remove dash between “in” and “formation”
Done
Line 123: add “the” in front of “Media”
Done
Line 133: Capitalize c in climate
Done
Line 139: In Table 1, the title “Resources” doesn’t seem to make sense for the factors mentioned underneath. You may consider replacing “Channel” with “platform” or “avenue”. “Progress is already being made correctly” is awkward phrasing. Not sure what “New content in new media” means? Maybe just leave it as “new media”. Not clear what “every citizen speech” means. Potentially replace “The religious leaders’ sermon” with “religious leaders”. Remove “in Internet” from “Websites in Internet”. Remove “the” in front of “atmospheric pollution”. At the end of “Pollution of rivers and sea”, add a “s”. Consider replacing “The degree of social alarm” with “The degree of societal concern”. In the table caption, add an “’” to the end of “participants”.
Thank you very much for your comment. In our research, we define “resources” as any assets that a person or organization can draw upon to function effectively, as well as any actions or strategies that may be employed to support climate change communication. We have added a clarifying statement at the beginning of Section 3 to address this:
"In our research, we define ‘resources’ as any assets that a person or organization can draw upon to function effectively, or any actions or strategies that may be employed to support the communication of climate change."
Channel/s: We have been using this word in the sense: a means of communication or expression: such as. (1) : a path along which information (such as data or music) in the form of an informationl signal passes. (2) channels plural : a fixed or official course of communication.
Meaningful progress is being made
Content in emerging media
Citizens’ voices
Messages from religious leaders
Online platforms
Atmospheric pollution
Pollution of rivers and seas
The degree of societal concern
Lines 141 – 142: Move “This survey” after “While not statistically representative,”
Done
Lines 141 – 143: Add a dash between “on” and “air”
Done
Line 146: Capitalize “c” in “climate” and “change”
Done
Line 148: Remove dash between “inter” and “national”
Done
Line 150 – 151: “to enable climate” doesn’t make sense. Do you mean “enable climate action”?
Yes! many thanks. We use “enable climate action”
Line 151 – 152: Remove “Critical”
Done
Line 152 – 153: Rephrase “local realities” – does not make sense.
Done. We have gone to:
Open-ended responses emphasized the need for language adapted to specific audiences, the use of clear visuals, and education-oriented communication tailored to local contexts.
Lines 157 – 158: Reference
Done.
Most respondents expressed concern (68%) or alarm (23.6%) about climate change, with levels of concern significantly exceeding national averages, particularly in the U.S,. tThis heightened awareness may stem from their professional roles and affiliations with climate-focused organizations (A. Leiserowitz et al., 2021).
Line 167: Remove dash between “in” and “creasing”
Done
Lines 168 – 169: remove “serving”
Done
Lines 172 – 173: Rephrase “daily life climates”
Thanks! we have gone to
Developing international communication strategies that transcend cultural and national boundaries is vital for fostering a unified global response to climate change. At the same time, these strategies must be grounded in local realities to be effective. Scientific findings should be translated into accessible, actionable messages that resonate with people’s everyday experiences—such as changes in daily weather patterns or increased frequency of extreme events. By linking global challenges to familiar, tangible impacts, communication efforts can bridge the gap between abstract science and individual engagement, making climate change feel both relevant and urgent across diverse contexts.
Lines 175 – 176: Is there a reference for this? If so, include. If this is a result of your study, clarify this.
Many thanks. We have this new text
According to our results, t Television, print media, and the internet remain the most effective platforms for public engagement, despite challenges posed by misinformation and social media polarization.
Lines 178 – 179: replace “play a” with “are”. Delete “role”
Done
Lines 179 – 181: delete “the state of”. Either add “e.g.,” in front of Schafer, or add a second reference
Done
Lines 184 – 185: Replace “posed by” with “of”, delete the “’” after “stakeholders”
Done
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-852', Hans Olav Hygen, 17 Jun 2025
The manuscript gives a good insight to the main results of the survey, and a good overview of the sentiments among the broadcast meteorologists that answered.
One burning question for me: With this broad basis of cultures and persons in the respons, where there any patterns in the respons reflecting regional or cultural differences, or were the main findings universal? A sentence or two on this could be interesting.
The lines 170 to 175 seems to be a bit in contradiction to each other. Firstly on emphasise the need for global and universal strategies, and then the focus on every day life. This could be elaborated a bit more.
In figure 2, panel "CARRER" the order of the groups in the vertical axis is according to repons with most at the top, this mangles the timeline that the cathegories more logically falls into. Even though the lines might look a bit more messy, the readability would improve if sorted according to length of experience/carrer.
On line 120 there is a comment on percieved political bias of the IPCC which could have been elaborated a bit more, especially if there is any patterns here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
REVISOR 2
The manuscript gives a good insight to the main results of the survey, and a good overview of the sentiments among the broadcast meteorologists that answered.
Thank you very much for the time you have taken to review our work and for your comments, which have greatly helped us improve our manuscript.
One burning question for me: With this broad basis of cultures and persons in the respons, where there any patterns in the respons reflecting regional or cultural differences, or were the main findings universal? A sentence or two on this could be interesting.
Thank you very much for your comment. This article is part of a broader research project on climate change communication at the international level. At the time of submission, the doctoral dissertation had not yet been defended. However, the complete research data are now published and available, as the dissertation has since been successfully defended. We have included a reference (Molina, 2025, https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/218052/1/TMB_TESI.pdf ) that provides access to all the data, including the full set of survey responses as supplementary material.
The main objective of this paper was to highlight the international communication findings from our survey. A more detailed analysis will be presented in forthcoming publications.
The lines 170 to 175 seems to be a bit in contradiction to each other. Firstly on emphasise the need for global and universal strategies, and then the focus on every day life. This could be elaborated a bit more.
Many thanks for your comment. We have change the paragraph to this one
Developing international communication strategies that transcend cultural and national boundaries is vital for fostering a unified global response to climate change. At the same time, these strategies must be grounded in local realities to be effective. Scientific findings should be translated into accessible, actionable messages that resonate with people’s everyday experiences—such as changes in daily weather patterns or increased frequency of extreme events. By linking global challenges to familiar, tangible impacts, communication efforts can bridge the gap between abstract science and individual engagement, making climate change feel both relevant and urgent across diverse contexts.
In figure 2, panel "CARRER" the order of the groups in the vertical axis is according to repons with most at the top, this mangles the timeline that the cathegories more logically falls into. Even though the lines might look a bit more messy, the readability would improve if sorted according to length of experience/carrer.
Done
On line 120 there is a comment on percieved political bias of the IPCC which could have been elaborated a bit more, especially if there is any patterns here.
Many thanks for your comments
We have added:
Although the vast majority of respondents regard the IPCC reports as reliable and representative of the best available science, it is noteworthy that some communicators perceive political influence and express certain doubts about the reports. Future research will address the study of these findings.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-852-AC2
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Tomas Molina, 06 Jul 2025
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Ernest Abadal
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(632 KB) - Metadata XML
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(4315 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper
Overall quality: The results of this survey-centred study are very interesting and are an important contribution to advancing our understanding of the roles of geoscience communicators.
Does the paper address relevant scientific questions within the scope of GC? The study’s objective is within the scope of GC.
Does the paper present novel concepts, ideas, tools, or data? The tools and concepts are well-established. The ideas and data are novel.
Are the scientific methods and assumptions valid and clearly outlined? The methods and assumptions are valid and clear.
Are the results sufficient to support the interpretations and conclusions? Yes
Do the authors give proper credit to related work and clearly indicate their own new/original contribution? Overall, yes, there are a few sections that would benefit from some additional references.
Does the title clearly reflect the contents of the paper? Yes
Does the abstract provide a concise and complete summary? Yes
Is the overall presentation well structured and clear? Yes
Is the language fluent and precise? Overall, yes, some minor language fixes will help with flow.
Are the number and quality of references appropriate? Quality is fine, but a few more references in particular sections will be beneficial.
Specific Comments:
Lines 8 – 9: “across diverse global contexts”, specifically the word diverse, makes me think that countries where communicators are from is a variable in your analysis. However, I believe this is opposite to your intent, since you emphasize a global understanding of communicators. Potentially rephrase?
Lines 25 – 26: Wondering if it’s worth mentioning if there is an accessibility element to what is discussed in this sentence? As in, since tv is more widely available in poorer nations (this is my assumption, would obviously have to back this up with a reference), maybe it’s a better way to spread climate change communication?
Lines 57 – 59: Similar to my first specific comment, the way this sentence is phrased, I assumed a point of the discussion would analyze these factors and their influence on communicators? After reading the discussion, I didn't see any discussion of your results in context of these factors. Is this something you can add - as in, did you analyze the results comparing countries (e.g. comparison of global south vs global north countries. If not, I don't think there is a point to adding this, unless you say that future studies could look at it from this perspective. Two sentences before this you say “universally effective communication strategies”, which I believe more accurately reflects your results and your discussion.
Lines 61 – 62: It is not clear to me what is meant by “indicators”, maybe change to “indicators of climate change”?
Line 66: The first paragraph of section 2 could benefit from supporting literature relating to my next comment.
Lines 67 – 68: Please note that your results are primarily quantitative, not qualitative, therefore there is a stronger quantitative component to your work.
Line 86: For the results section, with any of your open-ended questions, are there any quotes you can use from participants that speak to any of the topics discussed? If so, it is worth including them.
Line 87: Please include some additional details on the survey. For example, how many questions, average completion time, when were responses collected (date range), completion rate of the survey (how many people finished it), etc.
Line 95: This map needs a legend; are the dark colours simply noting a country where there was atleast 1 respondent? With that in mind, could be useful to show multiple categories (e.g. <10 respondents, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, >30)
Lines 99 – 101: In the survey, did you get people to respond to questions based on their television experience or their media experience - I'm imagining that their responses would change depending on what they're discussing. If you didn't, I think you'll need to reframe the paper/introduction to be more inclusive of non-television media platforms to make sure readers aren't solely interpreting your results through the lens of television climate change communication.
Line 105: In Figure 2, make sure text associated with “…” is not hidden.
Lines 108 – 109: Make sure the finding that “While 86.2%...” is discussed in the discussion. Specifically, 14% of respondents expressing uncertainty seems high. Could be worth mentioning some ideas as to why this number is high?
Line 123: Similar to my comment for lines 99 – 101, I think it may be useful to specify what is meant by the term “media”. Does this include television? If not, specify that somewhere.
Line 124: 72.9% seems quite high. Again, is this on television and/or other forms of media. Did you have a likert scale question on their levels of communicating climate change (e.g. never - on a daily basis)? Or an open-ended question to get a sense of their degree of reporting on climate change?
Lines 124 – 125: Was something along the lines of "organizational mandates" or "political alignment" included as response options for limitations? I would imagine that for tv stations they would often not let their meteorologists discuss climate change if they weren't a left-aligned station.
Line 139: I don’t see Table 1 referenced in the text. Make sure it is included.
Lines 141 – 142: Ensure that the claim “while not statistically representative” is correct. From my understanding, it all depends on how many variables you use and the specific statistical test. The only reason I mention this is that if another researcher wants to do some statistical tests with your data in the future, they could.
Lines 143 – 144: How does your data show the diversity and global relevance of perspectives? Include a sentence on this following or remove/rephrase.
Technical Corrections:
Lines 10 – 11: Move “despite their brevity” to the start of the sentence
Lines 17 – 18: Move “Television meteorologists….” In front of “by aligning international….”
Line 19: Remove “critical”
Line 22: add “primarily” in front of “driven”, and remove “in large part”
Lines 22 – 23: Reference
Lines 24 – 25: Reference
Lines 24 – 25: Remove “on an”, add “ly” to the end of international, remove “scale remains a top priority”
Lines 25 – 26: Reference
Lines 25 – 26: Remove “the media” from start of sentence, and include after “many countries,”.
Lines 28 – 29: Remove “seeks to”, add “s” after “explore”
Lines 30 – 31: Replace “a wide range of” with “various”
Lines 38 - 40: remove the dash between “con” and “dense”, remove “which can”, replace “undermine” with “undermining”, delete “communication”, replace “nuanced” with “nuances”.
Lines 42 – 43: add a comma after “climate change”, add comma after “reduction strategies”
Lines 50 – 51: add comma after “(Molina, 2005)”
Lines 57 – 59: Remove “there is”, remove “that”
Lines 60 – 61: Remove “seeks to”, add “es” to the end of “address”
Lines 61 – 62: Replace “the role of meteorologists as communicators” with “meteorologists’ perceived role as communicators”
Lines 63 – 65: Remove “effectively” from the end of the sentence, and include it before “complements”
Lines 76 – 78: Remove “From these organizations,”
Lines 84 – 85: replace “its objective is” with “it aims”
Lines 89 – 91: remove the dash between “con” and “tributors”
Line 95: “replays” doesn’t make sense here. Do you mean “replies”? “respondents”?
Line 106: capitalize “Climate Change”
Lines 108 – 109: remove the dash between “un” and “certainty”
Lines 112 – 113: Remove “d” at the end of “included”
Line 116: Replace “participants” with “participants’”
Lines 119 – 120: add a comma after (78%), and remove dash between “in” and “fluence”
Lines 121 – 122: remove dash between “in” and “formation”
Line 123: add “the” in front of “Media”
Line 133: Capitalize c in climate
Line 139: In Table 1, the title “Resources” doesn’t seem to make sense for the factors mentioned underneath. You may consider replacing “Channel” with “platform” or “avenue”. “Progress is already being made correctly” is awkward phrasing. Not sure what “New content in new media” means? Maybe just leave it as “new media”. Not clear what “every citizen speech” means. Potentially replace “The religious leaders’ sermon” with “religious leaders”. Remove “in Internet” from “Websites in Internet”. Remove “the” in front of “atmospheric pollution”. At the end of “Pollution of rivers and sea”, add a “s”. Consider replacing “The degree of social alarm” with “The degree of societal concern”. In the table caption, add an “’” to the end of “participants”.
Lines 141 – 142: Move “This survey” after “While not statistically representative,”
Lines 141 – 143: Add a dash between “on” and “air”
Line 146: Capitalize “c” in “climate” and “change”
Line 148: Remove dash between “inter” and “national”
Line 150 – 151: “to enable climate” doesn’t make sense. Do you mean “enable climate action”?
Line 151 – 152: Remove “Critical”
Line 152 – 153: Rephrase “local realities” – does not make sense.
Lines 157 – 158: Reference
Line 167: Remove dash between “in” and “creasing”
Lines 168 – 169: remove “serving”
Lines 172 – 173: Rephrase “daily life climates”
Lines 175 – 176: Is there a reference for this? If so, include. If this is a result of your study, clarify this.
Lines 178 – 179: replace “play a” with “are”. Delete “role”
Lines 179 – 181: delete “the state of”. Either add “e.g.,” in front of Schafer, or add a second reference
Lines 184 – 185: Replace “posed by” with “of”, delete the “’” after “stakeholders”