Evaluating Disaster Risk Management System: A Case Study of Rwanda's Response to the 2nd–3rd May 2023 disaster event

Abstract. This study evaluates Rwanda's Disaster Risk Management (DRM) system in response to the severe floods and landslides that struck the Southern, Northern, and Western provinces on May 2–3, 2023. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including document analysis, semi-structured interviews with 16 government officials and 140 disaster-affected individuals, and field observations. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, while quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistical methods. While institutional frameworks and planning tools exist for disaster risk reduction, challenges remain in both disaster preparedness and response. These include inadequate early warning systems, poor coordination between authorities and communities, inefficient resource allocation, and insufficient local-level information dissemination have exacerbated disaster impacts. The study recommends enhancing community-based early warning systems, involving local communities in DRM efforts, fostering local resilience, conducting hazard-specific research, and adopting regional best practices. These findings offer valuable insights for improving DRM systems in Rwanda and other disaster-prone regions.