Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-203
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-203
05 Feb 2025
 | 05 Feb 2025

Tropical cirrus evolution in a km-scale model with improved ice microphysics

Blaž Gasparini, Rachel Atlas, Aiko Voigt, Martina Krämer, and Peter N. Blossey

Abstract. Tropical cirrus clouds form via in situ ice nucleation below the homogeneous freezing temperature of water or detrainment from deep convection. Despite their importance, limited understanding of their evolution and formation pathways contributes to large uncertainty in climate projections. To address these challenges, we implement novel passive tracers in the cloud-resolving model SAM to track the three-dimensional development of cirrus clouds. One tracer tracks air parcels exiting convective updrafts, revealing a rapid decline in ice crystal size and number as anvils age. Another tracer focuses on in situ cirrus, capturing their formation in the cold upper atmosphere and the subsequent reduction in ice crystal number over time. We find that in situ cirrus dominate at colder temperatures and lower ice water contents, while anvil cirrus prevail at temperatures above -60 °C. Although in situ cirrus have a smaller radiative impact compared to anvil cirrus, their contribution must be considered when evaluating top-of-the-atmosphere radiative effects. These findings improve our ability to assess the distinct roles of convective and in situ cirrus in shaping tropical cirrus properties and their impacts on climate.

We also improve the model's representation of tropical cirrus through simple, computationally inexpensive microphysics modifications, achieving better agreement with tropical aircraft observations. We show that updrafts critical for tropical cirrus formation are only resolved at horizontal grid spacings finer than 250 m—much finer than those used in global storm-resolving models. To mitigate this limitation, we propose microphysics improvements that reduce biases without increasing computational costs.

Competing interests: At least one of the (co-)authors is a member of the editorial board of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The peer-review process was guided by an independent editor, and the authors also have no other competing interests to declare.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
Share
Blaž Gasparini, Rachel Atlas, Aiko Voigt, Martina Krämer, and Peter N. Blossey

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #1, 27 Feb 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #2, 22 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #3, 25 Mar 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #1, 27 Feb 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #2, 22 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-203', Anonymous Referee #3, 25 Mar 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Blaž Gasparini, 23 May 2025
Blaž Gasparini, Rachel Atlas, Aiko Voigt, Martina Krämer, and Peter N. Blossey
Blaž Gasparini, Rachel Atlas, Aiko Voigt, Martina Krämer, and Peter N. Blossey

Viewed

Total article views: 663 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
491 153 19 663 16 34
  • HTML: 491
  • PDF: 153
  • XML: 19
  • Total: 663
  • BibTeX: 16
  • EndNote: 34
Views and downloads (calculated since 05 Feb 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 05 Feb 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 723 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 723 with geography defined and 0 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 07 Sep 2025
Download
Short summary
Tropical cirrus clouds, especially their evolution, are poorly understood, contributing to uncertainty in climate projections. We address this by using novel tracers in a cloud-resolving model to track the life cycle of cirrus clouds, providing insights into cloud formation, ice crystal evolution, and radiative effects. We also improve the model's cloud microphysics with a simple, computationally efficient approach that can be applied to other models.
Share