Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-144
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-144
28 Feb 2025
 | 28 Feb 2025

SanDyPALM v1.0: Static and Dynamic Drivers for the PALM-4U Model to Facilitate Realistic Urban Microclimate Simulations

Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler

Abstract. This study presents SanDyPALM, an innovative toolkit designed to streamline the generation of both static and dynamic input data for the PALM-4U model, thereby facilitating urban microclimate simulations. SanDyPALM is capable of processing a diverse range of custom input data from raster and vector files, and it incorporates two novel methods—OSM2PALM and LCZ4PALM—that introduce the automated extraction of static input data from open data sources. To investigate the impact of static input data on simulation outcomes, we developed static drivers from four distinct data sources. Our analysis reveals not only variations in the generated static drivers but also differences in the simulation results. Importantly, all simulations correlate well with measurements from two different weather stations, underscoring the robustness of the overall modeling approach. However, we observed variations in temperature, humidity, and wind speed that are dependent on the static input data. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that automated processing methods can yield results comparable to those achieved through expert-driven approaches, significantly simplifying workflows.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

17 Sep 2025
SanDyPALM v1.0: static and dynamic drivers for the PALM model to facilitate urban microclimate simulations
Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 6063–6094, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025, 2025
Short summary
Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #1, 18 Mar 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Julian Vogel, 17 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #2, 28 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Julian Vogel, 02 May 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #3, 08 Apr 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Julian Vogel, 03 May 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #1, 18 Mar 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Julian Vogel, 17 Apr 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #2, 28 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Julian Vogel, 02 May 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-144', Anonymous Referee #3, 08 Apr 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Julian Vogel, 03 May 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Julian Vogel on behalf of the Authors (27 May 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (28 May 2025) by Mohamed Salim
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (11 Jun 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (13 Jun 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (13 Jun 2025)
ED: Publish as is (13 Jun 2025) by Mohamed Salim
AR by Julian Vogel on behalf of the Authors (04 Jul 2025)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

17 Sep 2025
SanDyPALM v1.0: static and dynamic drivers for the PALM model to facilitate urban microclimate simulations
Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 6063–6094, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025, 2025
Short summary
Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler

Model code and software

SanDyPALM code repository Julian Vogel and Sebastian Stadler https://gitlab.cc-asp.fraunhofer.de/upm/sandy-palm

Julian Vogel, Sebastian Stadler, Ganesh Chockalingam, Afshin Afshari, Johanna Henning, and Matthias Winkler

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Short summary
This study presents a toolkit to simplify input data creation for the urban microclimate model PALM-4U. It introduces novel methods to automate the use of open data sources. Our analysis of four test cases created from different geographic data sources shows variations in temperature, humidity, and wind speed, influenced by data quality. Validation indicates that the automated methods yield results comparable to expert-driven approaches, facilitating user-friendly urban climate modeling.
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