Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1243
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1243
07 Apr 2025
 | 07 Apr 2025

TECO-CNP Sv1.0: A coupled carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model with data assimilation for subtropical forests

Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, and Jianyang Xia

Abstract. Subtropical forests play a crucial role in global cycle, yet their carbon sink capacity is significantly constrained by phosphorus availability. Models that omit phosphorus dynamics risk overestimating carbon sinks, potentially undermining the scientific basis for carbon neutrality strategies. In this study, we developed TECO-CNP Sv1.0, a coupled carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model based on the Terrestrial ECOsystem (TECO) model, explicitly capturing key biogeochemical interactions and nutrient-regulated carbon cycling. The model simulates how plant growth and carbon partitioning respond to both external soil nutrient availability and internal physiological constraints, enabling plant acclimation to varying nutrient conditions. Using observations from a phosphorus-limited subtropical forest in East China, we first evaluated model performance on estimating state variables with empirically calibrated parameters. Compared to the C-only and coupled C-N configurations, the CNP model better reproduced observed plant and soil C, N, and P pools. To systematically optimize model parameters and reduce uncertainties in predictions, we further incorporated a built-in data assimilation framework for parameter optimization. The CNP model with optimized parameters significantly improved carbon flux estimates, reducing root mean square errors and enhancing concordance correlation coefficients for gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange. By explicitly incorporating phosphorus dynamics and data assimilation, this study provides a more accurate and robust framework for predicting carbon sequestration in phosphorus-limited subtropical forests.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

22 Oct 2025
TECO-CNP Sv1.0: a coupled carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model with data assimilation for subtropical forests
Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, Kun Huang, and Jianyang Xia
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 7545–7573, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7545-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, and Jianyang Xia

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1243', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 Jun 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jianyang Xia, 27 Jul 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1243', Anonymous Referee #2, 30 Jun 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jianyang Xia, 27 Jul 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1243', Anonymous Referee #1, 02 Jun 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jianyang Xia, 27 Jul 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1243', Anonymous Referee #2, 30 Jun 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jianyang Xia, 27 Jul 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Jianyang Xia on behalf of the Authors (28 Jul 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (03 Aug 2025) by Yuanchao Fan
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (20 Aug 2025)
ED: Publish as is (31 Aug 2025) by Yuanchao Fan
AR by Jianyang Xia on behalf of the Authors (05 Sep 2025)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

22 Oct 2025
TECO-CNP Sv1.0: a coupled carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model with data assimilation for subtropical forests
Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, Kun Huang, and Jianyang Xia
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 7545–7573, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7545-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, and Jianyang Xia
Fangxiu Wan, Chenyu Bian, Ensheng Weng, Yiqi Luo, and Jianyang Xia

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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
We developed an improved model that captures how nutrients, especially phosphorus, influence carbon cycle in subtropical forest. By combining biogeochemical cycling with advanced data analysis techniques, our model creates a powerful tool for parameter optimization and reliable predictions. Using field observations from a phosphorus-limited forest, we validated that this integrated approach provides more accurate estimates, offering better support for climate-related decision making.
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