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Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-595
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-595
18 Apr 2024
 | 18 Apr 2024

Simulating the Tone River Eastward Diversion Project in Japan Carried Out Four Centuries Ago

Joško Trošelj and Naota Hanasaki

Abstract. The Tone River is the largest river in Japan, flowing from the Kanto Plain westward to the Pacific Ocean. The river originally flowed southward, entering Tokyo Bay, but the Tone River Eastward Diversion Project in the 17th century and many later projects changed the flow route to that of today. The gradual process of eastward diversion has been extensively studied from the historical viewpoint, revealing that the initial project in the 17th century was principally intended to establish a stable navigation route. However, no scholars have yet proven this hypothesis via hydrological modeling.

We used the H08 global hydrological model to reconstruct historical flow direction maps at 60-arcsecond spatial resolution with a 1-day temporal resolution. We hypothesized that the historical claims could be numerically verified using a relatively simple simulation. First, we confirmed that our modeling framework reasonably reproduced the present river flows by adding two present-day bifurcation functions. Next, using the reconstructed historical maps, we quantified low flows (20th percentile) in the 17th century and confirmed that the Tone River diversion aided navigation because it connected areas that increased low flows. Finally, the validity of our historical simulation was proven by contrasting the distribution of simulated low flow rates with the flows at the historical river ports that lay furthest upstream. We show that it is possible to bridge two different disciplines, history and numerical hydrological modeling, to obtain a better understanding of human–water interactions. One limitation is that we only reconstructed historical land maps in the present study; the meteorological forcing inputs employed were identical to those of the 20th century; the historical inputs are not known.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

07 Feb 2025
Simulating the Tone River eastward diversion project in Japan carried out 4 centuries ago
Joško Trošelj and Naota Hanasaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 753–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-753-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-753-2025, 2025
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

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This study presents the first distributed hydrological simulation which confirms the claims...
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