Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/fonts/TeX/fontdata.js
Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-429
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-429
20 Feb 2024
 | 20 Feb 2024

Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?

Moritz Günther, Hauke Schmidt, Claudia Timmreck, and Matthew Toohey

Abstract. Previous research has shown that stratospheric aerosols cause only a small temperature change per unit forcing because they produce stronger cooling in the tropical Indian and Western Pacific Ocean than in the global mean. The enhanced temperature change in this so-called “warm pool” region activates strongly negative local and remote feedbacks, which dampen the global mean temperature response. This paper addresses the question why stratospheric aerosol forcing affects warm pool temperatures more strongly than CO2 forcing, using idealized MPI-ESM simulations. We show that the aerosol’s enhanced effective forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) over the warm pool contributes to the warm pool-intensified temperature change, but is not sufficient to explain the effect. Instead, the pattern of surface effective forcing, which is substantially different from the effective forcing at the TOA, is more closely linked to the temperature pattern. Independent of surface temperature changes, the aerosol heats the tropical stratosphere, which leads to an acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. The intensified Brewer-Dobson circulation exports additional energy from the tropics to the extratropics, which leads to a particularly strong negative forcing at the tropical surface. These results show how forced circulation changes can affect the climate response by altering the surface forcing pattern. Furthermore, they indicate that the established approach of diagnosing effective forcing at the TOA is useful for global means, but a surface perspective on the forcing must be adopted to understand the evolution of temperature patterns.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Share

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

24 Jun 2024
Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?
Moritz Günther, Hauke Schmidt, Claudia Timmreck, and Matthew Toohey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7203–7225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7203-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Download

The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

Short summary
Stratospheric aerosol affects temperatures differently across the globe, with pronounced cooling...
Share