Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service &ndash; Regional Air Quality Production System v1.0

Colette, Augustin; Collin, Gaëlle; Besson, François; Blot, Etienne; Guidard, Vincent; Meleux, Frederik; Royer, Adrien; Petiot, Valentin; Miller, Claire; Fermond, Oihana; Jeant, Alizé; Adani, Mario; Arteta, Joaquim; Benedictow, Anna; Bergström, Robert; Bowdalo, Dene; Brandt, Jorgen; Briganti, Gino; Carvalho, Ana C.; Christensen, Jesper Heile; Couvidat, Florian; D’Elia, Ilia; D’Isidoro, Massimo; Denier van der Gon, Hugo; Descombes, Gaël; Di Tomaso, Enza; Douros, John; Escribano, Jeronimo; Eskes, Henk; Fagerli, Hilde; Fatahi, Yalda; Flemming, Johannes; Friese, Elmar; Frohn, Lise; Gauss, Michael; Geels, Camilla; Guarnieri, Guido; Guevara, Marc; Guion, Antoine; Guth, Jonathan; Hänninen, Risto; Hansen, Kaj; Im, Ulas; Janssen, Ruud; Jeoffrion, Marine; Joly, Mathieu; Jones, Luke; Jorba, Oriol; Kadantsev, Evgeni; Kahnert, Michael; Kaminski, Jacek W.; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Kranenburg, Richard; Kuenen, Jeroen; Lange, Anne Caroline; Langner, Joachim; Lannuque, Victor; Macchia, Francesca; Manders, Astrid; Mircea, Mihaela; Nyiri, Agnes; Olid, Miriam; Pérez García-Pando, Carlos; Palamarchuk, Yuliia; Piersanti, Antonio; Raux, Blandine; Razinger, Miha; Robertson, Lennard; Segers, Arjo; Schaap, Martijn; Siljamo, Pilvi; Simpson, David; Sofiev, Mikhail; Stangel, Anders; Struzewska, Joanna; Tena, Carles; Timmermans, Renske; Tsikerdekis, Thanos; Tsyro, Svetlana; Tyuryakov, Svyatoslav; Ung, Anthony; Uppstu, Andreas; Valdebenito, Alvaro; van Velthoven, Peter; Vitali, Lina; Ye, Zhuyun; Peuch, Vincent-Henri; Rouïl, Laurence

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744

Preprints

https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744

Preprints

12 Dec 2024

| 12 Dec 2024

Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Air Quality Production System v1.0

Augustin Colette, Gaëlle Collin, François Besson, Etienne Blot, Vincent Guidard, Frederik Meleux, Adrien Royer, Valentin Petiot, Claire Miller, Oihana Fermond, Alizé Jeant, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Dene Bowdalo, Jorgen Brandt, Gino Briganti, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Massimo D’Isidoro, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, Enza Di Tomaso, John Douros, Jeronimo Escribano, Henk Eskes, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Johannes Flemming, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Guido Guarnieri, Marc Guevara, Antoine Guion, Jonathan Guth, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Ulas Im, Ruud Janssen, Marine Jeoffrion, Mathieu Joly, Luke Jones, Oriol Jorba, Evgeni Kadantsev, Michael Kahnert, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Anne Caroline Lange, Joachim Langner, Victor Lannuque, Francesca Macchia, Astrid Manders, Mihaela Mircea, Agnes Nyiri, Miriam Olid, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Antonio Piersanti, Blandine Raux, Miha Razinger, Lennard Robertson, Arjo Segers, Martijn Schaap, Pilvi Siljamo, David Simpson, Mikhail Sofiev, Anders Stangel, Joanna Struzewska, Carles Tena, Renske Timmermans, Thanos Tsikerdekis, Svetlana Tsyro, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Anthony Ung, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, Peter van Velthoven, Lina Vitali, Zhuyun Ye, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Laurence Rouïl

Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) delivers a range of full, free and open products in relation to atmospheric composition at global and regional scales. The CAMS Regional Service produces daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. This Service relies on a distributed modelling production by eleven teams in ten European countries: CHIMERE (France), DEHM (Denmark), EMEP (Norway), EURAD-IM (Germany), GEM-AQ (Poland), LOTOS-EUROS (The Netherlands), MATCH (Sweden), MINNI (Italy), MOCAGE (France), MONARCH (Spain), SILAM (Finland). The project management and coordination of the service is devoted to a Centralised Regional Production Unit. Each model produces every day 24 h analyses for the previous day and 97 h forecasts for 19 chemical species over a spatial domain at 0.1x01. degree resolution (approximately 10 km x 10 km) with 420 points in latitude and 700 in longitude and 10 vertical levels. Six pollen species are also delivered for the surface forecasts. The eleven individual models are then combined into an ENSEMBLE median. In total, more than 82 billion data points are made available for public use on a daily basis.

The design of the system follows clear technical requirements in terms of consistency in the model setup and forcing fields (meteorology, surface anthropogenic emission fluxes, and chemical boundary conditions). But it also benefits from a diversity of in the description of atmospheric processes through the design of the eleven European Chemistry Transport Models (CTM) involved.

The present article aims to provide a comprehensive technical documentation, both for the setup as well as for the diversity of CTM involved in the Service. We also include an overview of the main output products, their public dissemination and the related evaluation and quality control strategy.

How to cite. Colette, A., Collin, G., Besson, F., Blot, E., Guidard, V., Meleux, F., Royer, A., Petiot, V., Miller, C., Fermond, O., Jeant, A., Adani, M., Arteta, J., Benedictow, A., Bergström, R., Bowdalo, D., Brandt, J., Briganti, G., Carvalho, A. C., Christensen, J. H., Couvidat, F., D’Elia, I., D’Isidoro, M., Denier van der Gon, H., Descombes, G., Di Tomaso, E., Douros, J., Escribano, J., Eskes, H., Fagerli, H., Fatahi, Y., Flemming, J., Friese, E., Frohn, L., Gauss, M., Geels, C., Guarnieri, G., Guevara, M., Guion, A., Guth, J., Hänninen, R., Hansen, K., Im, U., Janssen, R., Jeoffrion, M., Joly, M., Jones, L., Jorba, O., Kadantsev, E., Kahnert, M., Kaminski, J. W., Kouznetsov, R., Kranenburg, R., Kuenen, J., Lange, A. C., Langner, J., Lannuque, V., Macchia, F., Manders, A., Mircea, M., Nyiri, A., Olid, M., Pérez García-Pando, C., Palamarchuk, Y., Piersanti, A., Raux, B., Razinger, M., Robertson, L., Segers, A., Schaap, M., Siljamo, P., Simpson, D., Sofiev, M., Stangel, A., Struzewska, J., Tena, C., Timmermans, R., Tsikerdekis, T., Tsyro, S., Tyuryakov, S., Ung, A., Uppstu, A., Valdebenito, A., van Velthoven, P., Vitali, L., Ye, Z., Peuch, V.-H., and Rouïl, L.: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Air Quality Production System v1.0, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, 2024.

Received: 05 Dec 2024 – Discussion started: 12 Dec 2024

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.

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CEC1:
'Comment on egusphere-2024-3744', Juan Antonio Añel, 27 Dec 2024 reply

Dear authors,

Unfortunately, after checking your manuscript, it has come to our attention that it does not comply with our "Code and Data Policy".

https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/policies/code_and_data_policy.html
In your Code Availability section you fail to list suitable repositories for all the models that you use in your work. Some of them are institutional servers or Git sites that do not comply with the requirements necessary. For example, for the Chimere model you cite an institutional repository, when you could cite a Zenodo repository (as it exists for some Chimere versions). In other cases it is stated that the access to the code is open "upon request" or for "collaborative requests". We can not accept such limitations. All the code and data must be published openly and freely to anyone before submission of a manuscript.
Therefore, we are granting you a short time to solve this situation. You have to reply to this comment in a prompt manner with the information for the repositories containing all the models, code and data that you use to produce and replicate your manuscript. The reply must include the link and permanent identifier (e.g. DOI) for each mddel. Also, any future version of your manuscript must include the modified section with the new information.
Note that if you do not fix these problems as requested, we will have to reject your manuscript for publication in our journal. In the meantime I advice the Topical Editor to stall the peer-review process until this situation is solved, as this manuscript should not have been accepted for Discussions due to lack of compliance with the policy of the journal.
Juan A. Añel
Geosci. Model Dev. Executive Editor

Reply

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744-CEC1
- AC1:
  'Reply on CEC1 - Code Availability', Augustin Colette, 22 Jan 2025 reply
  
  The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Regional Production is constituted of a distributed production system involving eleven limited area chemistry transport models. Following the issue on code availability raised by the Executive Editor of Geoscientific Model Development, the version of these eleven models as used in CAMS were made available though individual zenodo repositories. During the revision process, the section on code availability will be replaced by the following text.
  Code Availability
  Following the Copernicus Programme Data Policy, the Regional Production data and information are available on a full, open, and free-of-charge basis, subject to limitations concerning registration, dissemination formats, and access restrictions. The Copernicus Atmosphere Data Store is located at: https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/.
  The CHIMERE model is available to registered users through the dedicated website at https://www.lmd.polytechnique.fr/chimere/, the actual version used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14617160.
  The DEHM model used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14628278.
  The EMEP model is available at https://github.com/metno/emep-ctm under the GPLv3 licence. The model version for CAMS is updated once or twice a year in the frame of the regular updates in the CAMS regional service. The current version is https://zenodo.org/records/14507729.
  The EURAD-IM version 5.11.1 source code used in CAMS https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14622487.
  The GEM model is a free software that can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License published by the Free Software Foundation. It is available on a repository administered by Environment and Climate Change Canada at https://github.com/ECCC-ASTD-MRD/gem/. GEM-AQ includes an additional source code tree accessed via an interface routine in GEM. The GEM-AQ code used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14720848.
  The LOTOS-EUROS model is available to registered users from the website https://airqualitymodeling.tno.nl/lotos-euros/open-source-version/ the version used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14711996.
  The MATCH model as used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14719885.
  The FARM code embedded in the MINNI System as used in CAMS is available at https://zenodo.org/records/14650298
  The MOCAGE source code used in CAMS is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14625973.
  The MONARCH model is available at https://earth.bsc.es/gitlab/es/monarch under the GPLv3 licence. The version used in CAMS is https://zenodo.org/records/5215467.
  The SILAM code is available at https://github.com/fmidev/silam-model under the GPLv3 licence. The model is updated several times a year, including two CAMS-related updates. The version used in CAMS is https://zenodo.org/records/14608973.
  
  Reply
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744-AC1
  - CEC2: 'Reply on AC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 23 Jan 2025 reply
    
    Dear authors,
    Many thanks for this effort and your willingness to comply with the policy of the journal. Unfortunately, we have found that the EURAD-IM model is not available through the repository that you have linked (https://zenodo.org/records/14622487). The access to the code is restricted. Again, we can not accept this. In this way, your manuscript remains not compliant with the policy of the journal. We have to insist that you must publish the EURAD-IM code public and without limitations for access. Please, address this issue and reply to this comment as soon as possible.
    Also, I would like to note that the README file for the CHIMERE model is empty. Just in case you want to fix it.
    Juan A. Añel
    Geosci. Model Dev. Executive Editor
    
    Reply
    
    Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744-CEC2
    
    CC1: 'Reply on CEC2', Anne Caroline Lange, 23 Jan 2025 reply
    
    Dear Juan A. Añel,
    EURAD-IM falls in the category 2 of GMD’s core principles for code and data availability. We would like to apologize, that we forgot to add the required explanation why the EURAD-IM code is restricted.
    EURAD-IM is publicly and permanently archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14622487. The archived code includes the entire EURAD-IM, which is historically grown including developments of multiple institutions. Furthermore, parts of EURAD-IM are adopted from license bound code, which cannot be easily made available as open source.
    Therefore, the open access publication of the model is beyond our current empowerment. However, we are eager to publish new developments open access. Access to the complete EURAD-IM code can be granted on request to the editors and reviewers to enable peer review.
    In accordance with the second core principle of GMD on code availability, we will add the second paragraph of this response to the code availability section of the manuscript. It is our understanding that this fulfils the GMD requirements for publications, and we look forward to your approval.
    
    Kind regards,
    
    Anne Caroline Lange
    
    Reply
    
    Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744-CC1
    
    CEC3: 'Reply on CC1', Juan Antonio Añel, 24 Jan 2025 reply
    
    Dear authors,
    Thanks for the answer. I think it is necessary to clarify that exceptions to our policy are for cases where sharing the code is not possible, not for those where "cannot be easily made available". That is, not easy is not equal to unfeasible. Therefore, we would need a clarification about what this means and what efforts would be necessary that make sharing the code not feasible at this point.
    You state that parts of the EURAD-IM were adopted from "license bound code". This is what we expect, as for all the code that you have shared in the repositories for other models used in your manuscript. Code needs a license when you distribute it. The issue here are the terms of the license used. I guess that you could refer to the fact that the license or licenses involved are restrictive and forbid the redistribution of the code. If this is the case, we need to see the license and to understand how the EURAD-IM code or some of its parts are affected by it. With this information we will study granting an exception to the publication of EURAD-IM and your manuscript.
    Juan A. Añel
    Geosci. Model Dev. Executive Editor
    
    Reply
    
    Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744-CEC3

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Short summary

The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Production delivers daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. The Service relies on a distributed modelling production by eleven leading European modelling teams following stringent requirements with an operational design which has no equivalent in the world. All the products are full, free, open and quality assured and disseminated with a high level of reliability.


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